Who was Manasseh in the Bible?
The Name of Four Old Testament Israelites
The name Manasseh appears in the Bible in reference to four different individuals, each playing unique roles in the history of Israel. These figures are: the son of Joseph, a king of Judah, and two post-exilic divorcees. Each mention provides lessons and insights relevant to both ancient times and modern-day Christians.
a. Manasseh: Son of Joseph
Background and Significance
Manasseh was the firstborn son of Joseph and Asenath, and the grandson of Jacob. He was born in Egypt during the time of the patriarchs (Genesis 41:51). Joseph named him Manasseh, meaning “God has made me forget all my hardship and all my father’s house,” reflecting Joseph’s relief from past sufferings. Manasseh had a younger brother named Ephraim, and they both were given blessings by their grandfather Jacob (Genesis 48:14-20).
Role and Descendants
Manasseh’s descendants formed the tribe of Manasseh, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. This tribe played a significant role in the history of Israel, known for their military strength and bravery (1 Chronicles 5:18). They received a substantial inheritance in the land of Canaan, with half of the tribe settling east of the Jordan River and the other half west of the Jordan (Numbers 32:33; Joshua 17:1-6).
Spiritual Legacy
The tribe of Manasseh is mentioned in Revelation 7:6 as one of the tribes sealed by God, signifying their importance in God’s redemptive plan. This inclusion highlights the enduring legacy of Manasseh’s lineage within the broader narrative of salvation history.
b. Manasseh: King of Judah
Background and Reign
Manasseh, son of Hezekiah and Hephzibah, was a king of Judah during the Divided Monarchy. His reign, described in 2 Kings 20:21 and 2 Chronicles 33, was marked by significant wickedness and idolatry. He reigned for 55 years, the longest of any king of Judah, and led the nation into deep sin, surpassing the evil of the nations God had driven out before Israel (2 Kings 21:1-9).
Wickedness and Repentance
Manasseh’s reign included the erection of altars to Baal, worship of celestial bodies, and even the placement of an idol in the temple of Jerusalem (2 Kings 21:4-7). However, in his later years, Manasseh experienced a profound repentance. Captured and humiliated by the Assyrians, he sought the Lord and was restored to his kingdom. This repentance and subsequent reforms are recorded in 2 Chronicles 33:12-16, showcasing God’s mercy and willingness to forgive.
c. Two Post-Exile Divorcees
Context and Actions
In the book of Ezra (Ezra 10:30-33), two men named Manasseh are listed among those who married foreign women during the Exile, a direct violation of God’s commandments (Deuteronomy 7:3-4). These marriages were seen as acts of disobedience and idolatry, compromising the Israelites’ commitment to God.
Reform and Renewal
Ezra led the people in a reform to address these violations. The men, including the two named Manasseh, agreed to divorce their foreign wives to restore their covenant faithfulness (Ezra 10:11-19). This action underscores the importance of purity and obedience in the worship of God.
Lessons for the Modern Christian
The Importance of Heritage and Legacy
The story of Manasseh, son of Joseph, emphasizes the importance of heritage and legacy. Understanding our spiritual roots can strengthen our identity in Christ. The tribe of Manasseh’s role in biblical history highlights the lasting impact of faithfulness and the significance of God’s promises to His people.
The Possibility of Redemption
King Manasseh’s life illustrates that no one is beyond the reach of God’s grace. Despite his extensive wickedness, his genuine repentance brought about his restoration. This teaches modern Christians that God’s mercy is always available, and sincere repentance can lead to profound transformation and renewal.
The Call to Obedience and Purity
The account of the two post-exilic Manassehs emphasizes the importance of obedience and purity in worship. Modern believers are reminded to guard against compromising their faith and to remain steadfast in their commitment to God’s commandments. Purity in our relationship with God is crucial, as illustrated in 2 Corinthians 6:17-18, which calls believers to separate themselves from ungodliness.
Connection to a Loving God
God’s Faithfulness and Promises
The story of Manasseh, son of Joseph, underscores God’s faithfulness in fulfilling His promises. Despite the trials and hardships, God’s plans for Joseph’s descendants remained intact. This reassures modern Christians that God is faithful to His promises and His plans for us, even through difficult times (Jeremiah 29:11).
God’s Mercy and Grace
King Manasseh’s repentance highlights God’s incredible mercy and grace. No matter how far one has strayed, God’s love remains steadfast, and He is always ready to forgive and restore those who genuinely seek Him (1 John 1:9). This profound truth offers hope and encouragement to all believers.
Connection to Jesus Christ
Fulfillment of God’s Promises
The genealogies of the tribes, including Manasseh, point towards the ultimate fulfillment of God’s promises in Jesus Christ. Jesus, descended from the tribes of Israel, brings redemption and salvation to all humanity. The inclusion of the tribe of Manasseh in Revelation signifies the complete and inclusive nature of God’s redemptive plan through Christ.
Jesus as the Perfect King
King Manasseh’s story contrasts with Jesus, the perfect King. Where Manasseh led his people into sin, Jesus leads us into righteousness. Jesus’ perfect obedience and sacrificial love provide the ultimate example and path to salvation (Philippians 2:8). Through Jesus, we see the fulfillment of the ideal kingship and the establishment of God’s eternal kingdom.
Conclusion
Manasseh’s name in the Bible encompasses varied and significant narratives, from the faithful tribe descending from Joseph’s son to the repentant king of Judah, and the two post-exilic divorcees. These stories offer valuable lessons for modern Christians about heritage, redemption, and obedience. They also highlight God’s faithfulness, mercy, and the ultimate fulfillment of His promises in Jesus Christ. As believers, we are called to reflect on these lessons, trust in God’s unwavering love, and follow Jesus, the perfect King and Savior.