Who Was Obadiah in the Bible?
The Name of Several Old Testament Israelites
Obadiah, a Hebrew name עֹבַדְיָה (Ovedyah), meaning “Servant of Yahweh,” is associated with several individuals in the Old Testament. Each played a unique role in Israel’s history, contributing to the religious and social fabric of their time.
a. Governor Under Ahab (1 Kings 18:3 ff.)
Obadiah served as the governor of King Ahab’s palace during a period of severe spiritual decline and idolatry in Israel. Despite working under the notoriously wicked Ahab, Obadiah remained faithful to God. He is especially noted for his courageous act of hiding and providing for a hundred prophets of the Lord in caves to protect them from Queen Jezebel’s murderous purge.
1 Kings 18:3-4 (ESV)
“And Ahab called Obadiah, who was over the household. (Now Obadiah feared the Lord greatly, and when Jezebel cut off the prophets of the Lord, Obadiah took a hundred prophets and hid them by fifties in a cave and fed them with bread and water.)”
Obadiah also played a pivotal role in facilitating the confrontation between Elijah and the prophets of Baal on Mount Carmel, risking his life to follow Elijah’s instructions.
1 Kings 18:7-16 (ESV)
“And as Obadiah was on the way, behold, Elijah met him. And Obadiah recognized him and fell on his face and said, ‘Is it you, my lord Elijah?'”
b. Descendant of David (1 Chronicles 3:21)
Obadiah the son of Arnan is listed in the genealogy of King David. This genealogical note highlights the continuity of David’s lineage and the fulfillment of God’s promises to David’s house.
c. Descendant of Issachar (1 Chronicles 7:3)
Obadiah the son of Izrahiah is noted as a descendant of Issachar, one of the twelve tribes of Israel. This reference underscores the widespread use of the name Obadiah and its significance across different tribes.
d. Descendant of Saul (1 Chronicles 8:38)
Obadiah the son of Azel is listed among the descendants of King Saul. This reference provides insight into the genealogical records preserved in Chronicles, demonstrating the comprehensive nature of Israel’s tribal histories.
e. Descendant of Levi (1 Chronicles 9:16)
Obadiah the son of Shemaiah is listed as a Levite. The Levites held special responsibilities in worship and temple service, underscoring the sacred trust placed in those who bore this name.
f. A Warrior (1 Chronicles 12:9)
Obadiah was one of the warriors who joined David at Ziklag while he was fleeing from Saul. This highlights the valor and loyalty of those who supported David during his most trying times.
g. Father of Ishmaiah (1 Chronicles 27:19)
Obadiah is mentioned as the father of Ishmaiah, a chief of the tribe of Zebulun, indicating his influence and standing within his tribe.
h. Official Under Jehoshaphat (2 Chronicles 17:7)
Obadiah was one of the officials sent by King Jehoshaphat to teach the Law in Judah, emphasizing the importance of religious education and adherence to the Law.
i. An Overseer (2 Chronicles 34:12)
Obadiah oversaw the repair of the temple during King Josiah’s reign. This was a critical task, reflecting the religious reforms and revival under Josiah.
j. An Exile Returnee (Ezra 8:9)
Obadiah is documented as the leader of a family that returned from exile with Ezra, highlighting the restoration of Israel after the Babylonian captivity.
k. Signatory of Nehemiah’s Covenant (Nehemiah 10:5)
Obadiah is recorded as one of the men who signed Nehemiah’s written covenant to keep the Law of Moses, illustrating the renewed commitment to God’s covenant after the exile.
l. A Prophet (Obadiah 1 ff.)
Obadiah is also known as a minor prophet in the Old Testament, with his book being the shortest in the Hebrew Bible, consisting of only 21 verses. His prophecy is directed against Edom, condemning them for their pride and betrayal of Israel during the Babylonian invasion.
Obadiah 1:1-4 (ESV)
“The vision of Obadiah. Thus says the Lord God concerning Edom: We have heard a report from the Lord, and a messenger has been sent among the nations: ‘Rise up! Let us rise against her for battle!’ Behold, I will make you small among the nations; you shall be utterly despised. The pride of your heart has deceived you, you who live in the clefts of the rock, in your lofty dwelling, who say in your heart, ‘Who will bring me down to the ground?’ Though you soar aloft like the eagle, though your nest is set among the stars, from there I will bring you down, declares the Lord.”
Lessons for the Modern Christian
The Courage to Stand for God
Obadiah’s example, particularly as a governor under Ahab, teaches modern Christians the importance of standing firm in their faith, even in hostile environments. His courage in protecting the prophets and his loyalty to Elijah reflect a steadfast commitment to God’s will.
Importance of Hospitality and Provision
Obadiah’s actions in hiding and feeding the prophets underscore the importance of hospitality and providing for those in need. Modern believers are called to care for their fellow Christians, offering support and sustenance in times of trouble.
Faithfulness in Every Role
The various roles held by individuals named Obadiah—whether as a warrior, teacher, overseer, or prophet—highlight the importance of faithfulness in every God-given role. Each position, no matter how small it may seem, contributes to the broader purpose of God’s kingdom.
Connection to a Loving God
God’s Justice and Mercy
The prophecy of Obadiah against Edom reveals God’s justice and mercy. While God condemns Edom for their sins, the overarching narrative of the Bible shows His willingness to forgive those who repent. This dual aspect of God’s character assures believers of His righteous judgment and His compassion.
Divine Protection and Provision
Obadiah’s protection of the prophets illustrates God’s provision for His faithful servants. Just as God used Obadiah to care for His prophets, He continues to provide for His people today, often through the actions of fellow believers.
Connection to Jesus Christ
Foreshadowing Christ’s Role
Obadiah’s role in protecting God’s prophets can be seen as a foreshadowing of Christ’s ultimate role in protecting and redeeming God’s people. Just as Obadiah acted as a savior for the prophets, Jesus is the Savior for all humanity, providing eternal protection and salvation.
John 10:11 (ESV)
“I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep.”
The Fulfillment of Prophecy
The book of Obadiah, though focused on the judgment of Edom, points to the broader theme of God’s ultimate justice and the establishment of His kingdom, which is fulfilled in Jesus Christ. Christ’s return will bring final judgment and restoration, as prophesied throughout the Old and New Testaments.
Revelation 19:11 (ESV)
“Then I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse! The one sitting on it is called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he judges and makes war.”
Conclusion
Obadiah, whose name means “Servant of Yahweh,” appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, each instance highlighting different aspects of faithfulness and service to God. Whether as a courageous governor, a devoted teacher, or a prophetic voice, Obadiah exemplifies steadfast commitment to God’s will. His life and actions offer valuable lessons for modern Christians about courage, hospitality, and faithfulness. Additionally, Obadiah’s story connects deeply with the themes of God’s justice, mercy, and the ultimate fulfillment of His promises in Jesus Christ. Through Obadiah, we are reminded of the importance of standing firm in our faith, caring for others, and trusting in God’s eternal plan.