Who Was Sanballat in the Bible?
A Man Living at the Time of Exile and Return
Sanballat is a prominent figure in the Book of Nehemiah, known for his opposition to the rebuilding of Jerusalem’s walls during the period of the Exile and Return. His story provides valuable lessons on perseverance, faithfulness, and the challenges faced by those committed to God’s work. The name Sanballat, from the Hebrew שַׂנְבַלַּט (Sanballat), means “strength” or “bramble” (Strong’s H5571). He is first mentioned in Nehemiah 2:10, where his antagonism toward Nehemiah’s mission becomes evident.
Sanballat’s Opposition to Nehemiah
Sanballat was a Samaritan official who, along with his allies Tobiah and Geshem, opposed Nehemiah’s efforts to rebuild Jerusalem’s walls. This opposition is documented in several instances throughout the Book of Nehemiah.
Initial Resistance
Sanballat’s hostility began when he learned of Nehemiah’s plan to rebuild the walls. Nehemiah 2:10 states, “When Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite official heard about this, they were very much disturbed that someone had come to promote the welfare of the Israelites.” Their discontent grew into active opposition, mocking and ridiculing the builders (Nehemiah 2:19).
Escalating Conflict
As the rebuilding continued, Sanballat’s efforts to hinder the work intensified. In Nehemiah 4:1-3, Sanballat ridiculed the Jews, saying, “What are those feeble Jews doing? Will they restore their wall? Will they offer sacrifices? Will they finish in a day? Can they bring the stones back to life from those heaps of rubble—burned as they are?” His words aimed to demoralize the workers and sow doubt about the feasibility of their mission.
Plotting Against Nehemiah
When ridicule failed, Sanballat resorted to conspiracy. He and his allies plotted to attack Jerusalem and create confusion (Nehemiah 4:7-8). Nehemiah, aware of their schemes, prayed and set a watch against them day and night. Despite the threats, the work continued under Nehemiah’s leadership.
Persistent Schemes
Sanballat’s opposition reached its peak when he attempted to lure Nehemiah away from the work through deceit. In Nehemiah 6:1-2, Sanballat, Tobiah, and Geshem invited Nehemiah to meet in one of the villages on the plain of Ono, intending to harm him. Nehemiah recognized the danger and refused, responding, “I am carrying on a great project and cannot go down. Why should the work stop while I leave it and go down to you?” (Nehemiah 6:3).
Sanballat’s persistence in trying to intimidate Nehemiah included false accusations and letters intended to frighten him. Despite these efforts, Nehemiah remained resolute, relying on God’s strength and wisdom to complete the work.
Sanballat’s Family Connections
Sanballat’s influence extended into the priestly circles of Jerusalem. Nehemiah 13:28 mentions that one of the sons of Joiada, son of the high priest Eliashib, was son-in-law to Sanballat the Horonite. This marriage was against the law and caused concern for Nehemiah, who acted decisively to purify the priesthood.
Lessons for the Modern Christian
Perseverance in the Face of Opposition
Sanballat’s relentless opposition highlights the importance of perseverance. Modern Christians can learn from Nehemiah’s example, who remained steadfast despite continuous challenges. This narrative encourages believers to stay committed to God’s work, trusting in His protection and guidance.
Discernment and Prayer
Nehemiah’s response to Sanballat’s schemes underscores the need for discernment and prayer. By seeking God’s wisdom and maintaining a vigilant watch, Nehemiah navigated the threats against him. Christians today can apply this lesson by staying spiritually alert and relying on prayer to overcome adversities.
Connection to a Loving God
God’s Protection and Provision
Sanballat’s story demonstrates God’s protection over His people. Despite the opposition, God enabled Nehemiah and the Israelites to complete the wall. This assurance of divine protection and provision is a comforting reminder of God’s faithfulness to those who seek to fulfill His purposes.
Strength in Adversity
God’s empowerment of Nehemiah amidst fierce opposition illustrates that strength comes from God. Modern Christians can draw encouragement from this, knowing that God provides the necessary strength to overcome challenges and accomplish His will.
Connection to Jesus Christ
Foreshadowing Christ’s Mission
The opposition faced by Nehemiah and the perseverance required to complete his mission foreshadow the challenges Jesus Christ encountered. Just as Nehemiah was undeterred by Sanballat’s opposition, Jesus steadfastly fulfilled His mission despite facing significant resistance and hostility.
Overcoming Evil
Sanballat’s opposition represents the broader spiritual battle between good and evil. Nehemiah’s victory through God’s strength mirrors the ultimate victory of Jesus over sin and death. This connection reassures Christians of the triumph of God’s kingdom despite ongoing spiritual warfare.
Conclusion
Sanballat’s antagonism toward Nehemiah’s mission to rebuild Jerusalem’s walls offers profound lessons for modern Christians. His story underscores the importance of perseverance, discernment, and reliance on God’s strength in the face of opposition. Furthermore, it highlights God’s unwavering protection and provision, as well as the ultimate victory of His purposes, as exemplified in the life and mission of Jesus Christ.