Who Was Tertullus in the Bible?

A Lawyer in the New Testament

Tertullus is a figure briefly mentioned in the New Testament, specifically in Acts 24:1-2. He is introduced as a lawyer who was hired by the Jewish religious leaders to bring formal charges against the Apostle Paul before the Roman governor, Felix. The name “Tertullus” is of Latin origin, possibly indicating that he was a Roman or had a Roman background, which would have made him an ideal advocate in a Roman court setting. His role as an orator and legal advocate was to present the case against Paul with the intention of securing a conviction.

The Context of Paul’s Trial

The events surrounding Tertullus’s appearance occur during Paul’s third missionary journey. After returning to Jerusalem, Paul was falsely accused of bringing Gentiles into the temple, which led to his arrest and subsequent transfer to Caesarea to stand trial before Felix. The high priest Ananias, along with some elders, traveled to Caesarea, accompanied by Tertullus, who was to represent them in the legal proceedings against Paul.

Acts 24:2-4 describes Tertullus’s opening speech to Felix, where he begins by flattering the governor: “Since through you we enjoy great peace, and since by your foresight, most excellent Felix, reforms are being made for this nation, in every way and everywhere we accept this with all gratitude.” This introduction is typical of the rhetorical style of the time, aiming to win favor with the judge before presenting the actual charges.

The Charges Against Paul

Tertullus accused Paul of several serious crimes. First, he labeled Paul as a troublemaker who stirred up riots among Jews throughout the Roman Empire (Acts 24:5). The Greek word used here is λοιμός (loimos), which can mean “plague” or “pestilence,” indicating that Tertullus saw Paul as a dangerous and infectious influence among the people. Second, Tertullus accused Paul of being the ringleader of the “Nazarene sect,” a term used derogatorily to describe the early Christians, who were viewed with suspicion by both Jewish and Roman authorities. Finally, he charged Paul with attempting to desecrate the temple, a serious accusation that could incite both religious and civil penalties.

Despite the eloquence and apparent persuasiveness of Tertullus’s arguments, the charges against Paul were false. Paul was able to defend himself by calmly and truthfully recounting the events and clarifying his actions, asserting that he had done nothing against the law of the Jews, the temple, or Caesar (Acts 24:10-21). Paul’s defense highlighted the integrity and truth of the Christian message in contrast to the deceptive tactics employed by Tertullus.

Lessons for the Modern Christian

The Integrity of the Gospel

Tertullus’s role as an accuser in Paul’s trial serves as a stark reminder of the opposition that the early Christians faced and the lengths to which some would go to hinder the spread of the gospel. His false accusations and manipulative rhetoric illustrate the corruption that can pervade legal systems and the dangers of deceitful speech. For modern Christians, this emphasizes the importance of maintaining integrity in all circumstances, especially when faced with opposition.

As believers, we are called to stand firm in the truth of the gospel, just as Paul did. The apostle Peter exhorts Christians to be ready to give a defense to anyone who asks for a reason for the hope that is in them, but to do so with gentleness and respect (1 Peter 3:15-16). In a world where deceit and false accusations can still occur, the Christian’s commitment to truth and integrity becomes a powerful testimony.

Faithfulness in Persecution

Tertullus’s actions also highlight the reality of persecution that Christians may face for their faith. Paul’s experience serves as an encouragement to modern believers to remain faithful, even when falsely accused or misrepresented. Jesus warned His followers that they would face persecution, but He also promised that those who endure to the end will be saved (Matthew 10:22).

Paul’s unwavering faith in the face of Tertullus’s accusations exemplifies the strength that comes from trusting in God’s sovereignty. Christians today are reminded that, despite the challenges and opposition they may encounter, God is ultimately in control, and He will vindicate His people.

Connection to a Loving God

God’s Sovereign Protection

Even in the midst of false accusations and legal battles, God’s protective hand over Paul is evident. Tertullus’s eloquence and the gravity of the charges did not result in Paul’s condemnation, but rather, God used the situation to further His purposes. Paul’s trials provided him with opportunities to testify about Christ before governors and kings, fulfilling God’s plan for his ministry (Acts 9:15).

This narrative reassures modern Christians that God’s love and protection are constant, even when facing unjust circumstances. Romans 8:28 reminds us, “And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love him, who have been called according to his purpose.” Just as God used Paul’s trials for the advancement of the gospel, He can use the challenges in our lives to accomplish His divine purposes.

The Power of God’s Truth

While Tertullus relied on deception and flattery, Paul stood on the truth of the gospel, knowing that God’s truth is powerful and unchanging. This contrast underscores the nature of God’s word, which is described in Hebrews 4:12 as “living and active, sharper than any double-edged sword.” The truth of God’s word ultimately prevails, no matter the opposition.

For Christians today, this connection to a loving God through His truth offers strength and encouragement. We are called to immerse ourselves in Scripture, to know and live out the truth, and to trust that God’s word will accomplish what He intends (Isaiah 55:11).

Connection to Jesus Christ

The Suffering Servant

Tertullus’s role as an accuser draws a parallel to the experience of Jesus Christ, who also faced false accusations and was unjustly condemned. Jesus, the ultimate Suffering Servant, endured the greatest injustice of all—being crucified despite His innocence. Yet, through His suffering, Jesus brought salvation to all who believe in Him.

Paul’s trial, and his subsequent defense, echoes the experiences of Christ, reminding believers that following Jesus often involves sharing in His sufferings (Philippians 3:10). Just as Christ was vindicated through His resurrection, Christians have the hope of ultimate vindication in Christ, who will one day judge the living and the dead.

The Call to Witness

Paul’s defense before Felix, despite the accusations of Tertullus, was an opportunity to witness about Jesus Christ. Acts 24:24-25 records that Paul’s testimony about faith in Christ, righteousness, and the coming judgment made a profound impact on Felix, though he ultimately delayed making a decision. This highlights the power of the Christian witness, even in difficult circumstances.

For modern believers, this connection to Jesus Christ through witness and testimony is crucial. We are called to be Christ’s ambassadors, sharing the good news of salvation, regardless of the opposition we may face (2 Corinthians 5:20). Tertullus’s opposition ultimately served to amplify the message of Christ, demonstrating that God can use all circumstances for His glory.

Conclusion

Tertullus, though a minor character in the New Testament, plays a significant role in the narrative of Paul’s trial before Felix. His actions as an accuser remind us of the opposition Christians may face, but they also underscore the importance of integrity, faithfulness, and reliance on God’s truth. Through this account, believers are encouraged to stand firm in their faith, trusting in God’s sovereign protection and using every opportunity to witness for Jesus Christ. The story of Tertullus and Paul serves as a powerful reminder that, even in the face of deceit and persecution, God’s purposes will prevail, and His truth will ultimately triumph.