Who Was Tidal in the Bible?
A King During the Time of the Patriarchs
Tidal, a relatively obscure figure in the Bible, is mentioned in Genesis 14:1-9. He is identified as the king of Goiim, a title that places him in the context of a significant event during the time of the Patriarchs—namely, the war of the kings. Although Tidal’s role in the biblical narrative is brief, his mention provides insight into the complex political and military landscape of the ancient Near East during Abraham’s era.
The War of the Kings
The Context of Genesis 14
Genesis 14 opens with a description of a coalition of four kings, including Tidal, who went to war against another coalition of five kings, including the kings of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboiim, and Bela (which is Zoar). The passage reads: “At the time when Amraphel was king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Kedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goiim, these kings went to war against Bera king of Sodom, Birsha king of Gomorrah, Shinab king of Admah, Shemeber king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (that is, Zoar)” (Genesis 14:1-2).
The conflict described in Genesis 14 is one of the earliest recorded wars in the Bible. Tidal, as king of Goiim, joined forces with the other three kings in an alliance led by Kedorlaomer, king of Elam. This coalition had subjugated the cities of the Jordan plain for twelve years, and when these cities rebelled, the four kings launched a military campaign to reassert their dominance.
Tidal’s Role in the Battle
Though Tidal is not the primary figure in this narrative, his inclusion highlights the international nature of the conflict. The term “Goiim” is often translated as “nations” or “peoples,” suggesting that Tidal may have been a leader of a confederation of tribes or a coalition of smaller nations. This coalition fought against the rebellious cities, ultimately defeating them and taking captives and spoils, including Lot, the nephew of Abraham.
The significance of this event is underscored by Abraham’s response. Upon hearing that his nephew Lot had been captured, Abraham assembled 318 trained men and pursued the kings as far as Dan, eventually rescuing Lot and recovering all the possessions (Genesis 14:14-16). This victory not only demonstrated Abraham’s courage and faith but also foreshadowed God’s promise to protect and bless Abraham and his descendants.
Lessons for the Modern Christian
The Reality of Spiritual Conflict
The account of Tidal and the war of the kings reminds modern Christians of the reality of spiritual conflict. Just as Abraham faced physical enemies who sought to oppress and dominate, believers today face spiritual battles against forces that oppose God’s kingdom. Ephesians 6:12 emphasizes this reality: “For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the cosmic powers over this present darkness, against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly places.”
The story of Tidal’s involvement in this ancient conflict serves as a reminder that, while we may not face literal kings and armies, we are engaged in a spiritual struggle that requires vigilance, faith, and reliance on God. Abraham’s example of boldness and trust in God encourages us to face our spiritual battles with confidence, knowing that God is with us and will fight on our behalf.
The Importance of Alliances and Faithfulness
Tidal’s role in the coalition of kings also highlights the importance of alliances and the potential dangers of aligning with those who oppose God’s purposes. While Tidal and his allies sought to expand their power through military conquest, their efforts ultimately failed when confronted by a man of faith—Abraham. This teaches us that our alliances and partnerships should be carefully considered, ensuring that they align with God’s will and do not lead us away from His purposes.
For modern Christians, this means surrounding ourselves with fellow believers who encourage us in our faith and help us grow in our relationship with God. Proverbs 13:20 reminds us, “Whoever walks with the wise becomes wise, but the companion of fools will suffer harm.” In our spiritual journey, it is crucial to form alliances that strengthen our faith and help us fulfill God’s calling on our lives.
Connection to a Loving God
God’s Sovereignty in World Affairs
The story of Tidal and the war of the kings illustrates God’s sovereignty over world affairs. Despite the power and ambitions of the kings involved in the conflict, it is God’s purposes that ultimately prevail. Abraham’s victory over the coalition of kings is a testament to God’s intervention and protection of His chosen servant. This event foreshadows the many instances throughout Scripture where God demonstrates His control over the rise and fall of nations and leaders.
For believers today, this connection to a loving God reassures us that no matter how tumultuous the world may seem, God is in control. The geopolitical events that shape our world are not outside of God’s authority. He is working all things according to His will, and His plans cannot be thwarted. This truth provides comfort and stability in an often unpredictable and chaotic world.
God’s Faithfulness to His People
The rescue of Lot, made possible by Abraham’s decisive action, reflects God’s faithfulness to His people. Even in the midst of international conflict and turmoil, God does not forget His covenant promises. He protected Abraham and his family, ensuring that the lineage through which the Messiah would come remained intact.
For modern Christians, this is a powerful reminder of God’s faithfulness in our own lives. Just as He was faithful to Abraham, God remains faithful to us. He watches over us, guides us through difficult circumstances, and fulfills His promises to us. Lamentations 3:22-23 reminds us of this truth: “The steadfast love of the Lord never ceases; his mercies never come to an end; they are new every morning; great is your faithfulness.”
Connection to Jesus Christ
A Foreshadowing of Christ’s Victory
The story of Tidal and the war of the kings can also be seen as a foreshadowing of Christ’s ultimate victory over the forces of evil. Just as Abraham defeated the coalition of kings and rescued Lot, Jesus Christ has defeated the powers of sin and death, rescuing us from the dominion of darkness and bringing us into the kingdom of God.
Colossians 2:15 declares, “He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, by triumphing over them in him.” Jesus’ victory on the cross and His resurrection are the ultimate fulfillment of God’s promise to defeat the enemies of His people. For Christians, this victory is the foundation of our faith and the assurance of our salvation.
The Call to Be Part of God’s Redemptive Plan
Tidal’s story, while part of a historical narrative, also invites us to consider our role in God’s redemptive plan. Abraham’s actions were pivotal in ensuring the safety and continuation of his family line, through which God’s promise to bless all nations would be fulfilled. In the same way, we are called to participate in God’s work of redemption by sharing the Gospel, living out our faith, and standing firm in the face of spiritual opposition.
Jesus Christ has already secured the victory, but He calls us to join Him in advancing His kingdom on earth. As we reflect on the story of Tidal, we are reminded that our lives have purpose and significance in God’s plan, and we are invited to partner with Him in bringing His love and truth to a world in need.
Conclusion
Tidal, though a minor figure in the Bible, plays a role in a significant event that reveals much about the political, military, and spiritual landscape of the time of the Patriarchs. His involvement in the war of the kings highlights the challenges and conflicts faced by Abraham, and ultimately, the triumph of God’s purposes.
For modern Christians, Tidal’s story serves as a reminder of the reality of spiritual conflict, the importance of godly alliances, and the sovereignty of God over all things. It points us to the ultimate victory of Jesus Christ and calls us to live faithfully as part of God’s redemptive plan. As we consider Tidal’s place in the biblical narrative, we are encouraged to trust in God’s faithfulness, seek His guidance in our relationships, and stand firm in the spiritual battles we face, knowing that God is with us and His purposes will prevail.