Brief Answer

Concupiscence in the Bible refers to a strong, often sinful desire or inclination, especially toward what is morally impure. It is a theological term that expresses humanity’s innate tendency toward sin as a result of the fall. Originating from the Latin word concupiscentia, meaning “intense desire,” concupiscence highlights the struggle Christians face between their fleshly inclinations and spiritual commitment to God.

Understanding Concupiscence from a Biblical Perspective

The concept of concupiscence can be challenging to grasp because it involves both human nature and spiritual warfare. Concupiscence, according to Scripture, is rooted in our fallen condition, which the Apostle Paul discusses extensively, particularly in Romans and Galatians. He describes it as the “flesh” that wars against the Spirit, pulling people toward sin.

Key Bible Passages

• Romans 7:18-19: “For I know that good itself does not dwell in me, that is, in my sinful nature. For I have the desire to do what is good, but I cannot carry it out.” Paul openly describes the inner conflict of wanting to obey God but struggling against sinful inclinations.
• Galatians 5:17: “For the flesh desires what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the flesh.” Here, Paul emphasizes the ongoing conflict between human nature and the Holy Spirit within each believer.

Origins of the Term

Concupiscence originates from the Latin word concupiscentia, used in the Vulgate (Latin Bible) to translate the Greek word epithymia, meaning “desire” or “lust.” Theological discussions, especially in early Christian thought and Catholic theology, regard concupiscence as the effect of original sin passed down from Adam, creating a natural inclination in humans toward selfish and sinful desires.

Historical Context

In early Christian theology, concupiscence was discussed extensively by church fathers such as Augustine, who understood it as a byproduct of humanity’s fallen state. Augustine taught that concupiscence entered human nature through original sin, affecting every person born afterward. Because of this inherited tendency, humanity requires divine intervention through Christ to be redeemed and empowered to live righteously.

Over time, this concept has been recognized as the internal struggle each person experiences in choosing to follow God over worldly desires. The doctrine of original sin underscores that concupiscence isn’t just an individual problem but a shared human condition requiring God’s grace.

Practical Implications

Recognizing the presence of concupiscence in our lives offers practical wisdom:

• Vigilance Against Sin: Understanding our natural tendency toward sin encourages believers to stay alert to temptation and avoid situations that might lead to sin.
• Dependence on God’s Grace: Concupiscence reveals our need for God’s strength. Rather than relying on self-discipline alone, Christians are called to depend on God’s power to overcome sin.
• Growth in Spiritual Disciplines: Practices like prayer, Bible study, and accountability help believers resist the inclinations of the flesh and live according to God’s Spirit.

Theological Depth and Insight

Concupiscence offers profound insight into humanity’s nature and need for redemption. It reminds Christians of the power of sin in a fallen world but also points to God’s provision of victory through Jesus Christ.

• The Inner Struggle: Paul’s words in Romans 7 illustrate this inner battle, revealing that even mature believers wrestle with sinful desires. Paul’s confession highlights that while Christians are redeemed, they still experience tension between their sinful nature and new life in Christ.
• Victory in Christ: While concupiscence represents a strong inclination toward sin, the Bible promises that believers are not left helpless. Romans 8:1-2 reminds Christians that “there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus,” and the “law of the Spirit who gives life has set you free.” Through the Holy Spirit, believers have the power to overcome sinful desires.

Related Bible Characters and Stories

• David: King David’s experience with Bathsheba is a vivid example of concupiscence. His sinful desire ultimately led him to commit both adultery and murder (2 Samuel 11), showing the power of unchecked concupiscence.
• Joseph: Joseph resisted concupiscence when tempted by Potiphar’s wife (Genesis 39). His steadfast refusal demonstrates how reliance on God and a commitment to purity can help believers overcome sinful desires.
• Jesus: As the ultimate example, Jesus faced temptation in the wilderness but overcame it by relying on Scripture and His relationship with the Father (Matthew 4). His victory demonstrates that believers can also triumph over sinful inclinations through God’s Word.

Broader Biblical Themes

The battle against concupiscence ties into several larger themes in Scripture:

• Sin and Redemption: Concupiscence underscores humanity’s need for a Savior. Without Jesus, we remain enslaved to sin. Redemption offers a path to freedom from sin’s grip.
• Sanctification: Although concupiscence affects all people, believers are in the process of sanctification—being made more like Christ. This transformation involves actively resisting sinful desires with the help of the Holy Spirit.
• God’s Holiness and Our Call to Purity: God’s holiness invites believers to pursue purity. Concupiscence reminds us of the seriousness of sin but also of the beauty of a life that honors God.

The Role of the Holy Spirit

The Holy Spirit plays a crucial role in helping believers overcome concupiscence:

• Empowerment to Resist Sin: The Holy Spirit empowers believers to resist concupiscence and live according to God’s will. Galatians 5:16 encourages believers to “walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh.”
• Conviction and Guidance: The Spirit convicts believers when they fall into sin, guiding them back to righteousness and reminding them of God’s grace.
• Transformation: As believers walk with the Spirit, they experience a transformation that diminishes the power of concupiscence, growing in love, patience, and other fruits of the Spirit.

Relevance for Today’s Christian

Concupiscence may seem like an ancient theological term, but its relevance remains. Christians today face a culture that often promotes instant gratification and indulgence in worldly desires, making the battle against concupiscence more challenging.

• Commitment to Godly Living: In a world of temptations, understanding concupiscence helps believers see the importance of pursuing godly desires and denying the flesh.
• Daily Dependence on God: Recognizing the need for God’s help fosters humility and a daily reliance on Him, creating a stronger, deeper faith.

Connection to Jesus Christ and God’s Love

Concupiscence highlights the depth of God’s love and the significance of Christ’s sacrifice. Although humanity is prone to sin, God’s love provided a way out through Jesus. Christ’s victory over temptation and sin is the believer’s hope and foundation. He understands our struggles and offers forgiveness and strength to overcome.

Hebrews 4:15 assures us that “we do not have a high priest who is unable to empathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are—yet he did not sin.” Jesus’ empathy and victory over sin reflect God’s love and mercy toward His people.

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

1. In what ways have you experienced the struggle with concupiscence, and how has God helped you overcome it?
2. How can Christians today cultivate spiritual practices that help resist sinful desires?
3. What steps can you take to remain sensitive to the Holy Spirit’s guidance in battling concupiscence?

Reflecting on these questions can help believers engage more deeply with God’s call to holiness and find strength in His grace to live a life that honors Him.