The term “heathens” is often used in religious contexts to refer to people who do not believe in the God of the Bible or who practice pagan religions. While the word itself carries a negative connotation in modern usage, understanding its meaning from a biblical perspective involves exploring the historical and scriptural context in which it has been used.
Origin and Meaning of the Term “Heathen”
Etymology and Historical Usage
The word “heathen” comes from the Old English word hǣthen, which was used to describe someone who lived in the heath, or countryside, and who did not follow the Christian faith. Over time, it came to be associated with anyone who was not part of the Christian community, particularly those who practiced polytheistic or pagan religions.
In the Bible, the term “heathen” is often used in older English translations, such as the King James Version (KJV), to refer to nations or peoples who worshipped gods other than the God of Israel. In more modern translations, the term is often replaced with words like “nations,” “Gentiles,” or “pagans.”
Biblical Usage
In the Old Testament, “heathen” is typically used to describe non-Israelite peoples who worshipped idols and engaged in practices that were contrary to the laws of God. These nations were often seen as morally corrupt and opposed to the ways of God.
Psalm 2:1 (KJV):
“Why do the heathen rage, and the people imagine a vain thing?”
In this verse, “heathen” refers to the nations or peoples who are in rebellion against God. The Psalmist contrasts their actions with the sovereignty and righteousness of God.
Jeremiah 10:2 (KJV):
“Thus saith the Lord, Learn not the way of the heathen, and be not dismayed at the signs of heaven; for the heathen are dismayed at them.”
Here, the term “heathen” refers to the idolatrous practices of the nations surrounding Israel. God warns His people not to adopt these practices, highlighting the distinction between the worship of the true God and the false gods of the heathen.
In the New Testament, the term is less commonly used, and when it is, it typically refers to Gentiles—those who are not part of the Jewish covenant community.
Matthew 18:17 (KJV):
“And if he shall neglect to hear them, tell it unto the church: but if he neglect to hear the church, let him be unto thee as an heathen man and a publican.”
In this context, “heathen” refers to someone who is outside the community of faith, treated as an unbeliever due to their refusal to repent.
Theological Implications
Separation and Holiness
The use of the term “heathen” in the Bible underscores the importance of separation between the people of God and those who worship false gods. The Israelites were called to be a holy nation, set apart from the surrounding peoples and their idolatrous practices.
Leviticus 20:26 (NIV):
“You are to be holy to me because I, the Lord, am holy, and I have set you apart from the nations to be my own.”
This call to holiness is a recurring theme in the Bible, emphasizing the distinct identity of God’s people and their commitment to His covenant.
Evangelism and the Great Commission
While the term “heathen” historically carried a sense of separation and distinction, the New Testament introduces a significant shift with the Great Commission. Jesus commands His followers to go into all the world and make disciples of all nations, including those who would have been considered “heathen.”
Matthew 28:19-20 (NIV):
“Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age.”
This command reflects God’s desire for all people, regardless of their background, to come to the knowledge of the truth and be saved.
The Universality of the Gospel
The New Testament emphasizes that the gospel is for all people, breaking down the barriers between Jew and Gentile, believer and heathen.
Ephesians 2:13-14 (NIV):
“But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far away have been brought near by the blood of Christ. For he himself is our peace, who has made the two groups one and has destroyed the barrier, the dividing wall of hostility.”
In Christ, the distinctions between Jew and Gentile, or believer and heathen, are reconciled. The gospel message is universal, extending grace and salvation to all who believe.
Modern Understanding and Application
Moving Beyond the Term
In contemporary Christian discourse, the term “heathen” is often avoided due to its pejorative connotations. Instead, terms like “unbeliever,” “non-Christian,” or “those who do not yet know Christ” are used to describe people who are not part of the Christian faith.
The focus has shifted from a language of separation to one of invitation and mission, reflecting the New Testament emphasis on sharing the gospel with all nations.
Loving the Lost
The biblical call is not to view non-believers with disdain but to love them and share the good news of Jesus Christ with them. Christians are called to engage with those outside the faith with compassion and a desire to see them come to know God.
1 Peter 3:15 (NIV):
“But in your hearts revere Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect…”
This verse encourages believers to approach those who do not share their faith with gentleness and respect, always ready to share the hope of the gospel.
Conclusion
The term “heathen” in the Bible historically referred to those who were outside the covenant community and engaged in idolatrous practices. However, the New Testament reveals God’s plan to bring the gospel to all people, breaking down barriers and extending His grace to all nations. Today, Christians are called to view those outside the faith not with judgment but with love and a desire to share the transformative message of Jesus Christ. The focus is on inviting all people into a relationship with God, recognizing that the gospel is for everyone, regardless of their background.