2 Corinthians 13:1 – “This will be my third visit to you. ‘Every matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.'”
Extended Explanation
In this verse, Paul reminds the Corinthians that he is coming to visit them for the third time. He refers to a principle from the Old Testament law: that important matters must be verified by two or three witnesses. Paul is applying this principle to how he will address issues within the church. He is not making empty threats—he is prepared to confront those who continue in sin and expects accountability.
Paul’s statement sets the tone for his visit. He has given them warnings, written letters, and now he is coming in person. He wants to ensure that discipline is carried out fairly, not based on rumors or personal bias, but according to God’s standard of justice.
Historical Context
Paul had a complex relationship with the Corinthian church. He had already visited them twice before—once to establish the church and again to deal with conflicts and sinful behaviors. Some in the church had questioned Paul’s authority, while others had fallen into immorality and division.
The phrase Paul quotes comes from Deuteronomy 19:15, which says that no one should be convicted of wrongdoing on the basis of a single witness. This law was meant to protect against false accusations. Paul applies it here to emphasize that his judgments are not based on personal opinion but on proper evidence and confirmation.
At that time, the Corinthian church was dealing with serious problems, including sexual immorality, false teachers, and divisions. Paul is saying that when he arrives, he will not overlook sin but will hold people accountable in a way that is just and biblical.
Theological Implications
This verse highlights the importance of truth and justice in the Christian faith. God does not want accusations or decisions to be based on hearsay. The principle of establishing matters by two or three witnesses ensures fairness.
Paul’s use of this principle also shows that church discipline is necessary. The church is not a place where sin should be ignored. Instead, believers are called to uphold righteousness while ensuring that correction is handled with fairness and integrity.
Additionally, this verse reflects the broader biblical theme of accountability in the Christian life. Whether in the church, family, or personal relationships, Christians are responsible for their actions and must be open to correction when necessary.
Literary Analysis
Paul’s letter to the Corinthians is personal yet authoritative. He has been patient with them, but here his tone is serious. The phrase “This will be my third visit” reminds them that Paul has already given them plenty of warnings. The quote from Deuteronomy 19:15 adds legal weight to his argument, showing that his actions are grounded in Scripture.
The repetition of “two or three witnesses” appears multiple times in Scripture, such as in Matthew 18:16, where Jesus teaches about church discipline. This consistent theme reinforces that Paul is following God’s established order, not his own ideas.
Biblical Cross-References
- Deuteronomy 19:15 – “One witness is not enough to convict anyone accused of any crime or offense they may have committed. A matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.”
- Matthew 18:16 – Jesus applies this principle to church discipline, instructing that if someone refuses to listen, their sin should be confirmed by two or three witnesses.
- 1 Timothy 5:19 – Paul tells Timothy not to accept accusations against church leaders unless confirmed by two or three witnesses.
- Hebrews 10:28 – This verse references the same principle in the context of rejecting the law of Moses.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians today, this verse teaches us about accountability, fairness, and integrity. In a world where accusations can spread easily, especially on social media, believers must be cautious before making judgments. We are called to uphold truth and ensure that justice is based on clear evidence, not emotions or personal bias.
It also reminds the church that discipline is necessary. Ignoring sin within the church leads to spiritual weakness. Paul’s warning to the Corinthians shows that sin must be confronted lovingly but firmly, always following biblical principles.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
Some might see this verse as harsh, but it actually reflects God’s love. A loving God is not indifferent to sin—He desires justice, truth, and restoration. God established the principle of two or three witnesses to protect people from false accusations, ensuring fairness.
Paul’s desire to correct the Corinthians was not out of frustration but out of love. He wanted them to repent and grow in holiness, just as God desires for all His children. Discipline is a form of love because it seeks to restore rather than destroy.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Jesus Himself used this principle when teaching about resolving conflicts in the church (Matthew 18:15-17). He emphasized that sin should be confronted carefully, with witnesses to ensure fairness.
More importantly, Jesus faced an unjust trial where this principle was violated. In Mark 14:55-59, the religious leaders tried to convict Jesus using false witnesses, but their testimonies did not agree. This shows the importance of truth in God’s justice system—Jesus was wrongly accused, yet He remained silent and bore the penalty for our sins.
Ultimately, Jesus came not just to establish justice, but to fulfill it. Through His death and resurrection, He provided the way for sinners to be forgiven while still upholding God’s perfect standard of righteousness.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- Why do you think Paul emphasized the principle of two or three witnesses?
- How can we apply this principle in our own lives when dealing with conflicts?
- In what ways does church discipline reflect God’s love rather than judgment?
- How does Jesus’ wrongful trial contrast with the biblical principle of justice in this verse?
- How can we ensure that we seek truth and fairness in our daily interactions?