Acts 10:39 – “We are witnesses of everything he did in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem. They killed him by hanging him on a cross,”

Extended Explanation

In this verse, Peter continues his sermon in Cornelius’ house by summarizing the central events of Jesus’ life and death. He states that he and the other apostles were “witnesses” to everything Jesus did. This means they were not just telling stories they had heard—they personally saw Jesus’ miracles, teachings, and ultimately, His crucifixion.

Peter then moves directly to the most critical part of the message: “They killed him by hanging him on a cross.” This statement is simple but powerful. Jesus, the one who did good, healed people, and showed God’s love, was unjustly executed. The phrase “hanging him on a cross” reminds us of Deuteronomy 21:23, where it says that anyone who is hung on a tree is cursed. This confirms that Jesus took the curse of sin upon Himself for the sake of all people.

This verse is part of Peter’s larger message, where he is explaining that Jesus’ death was not an accident—it was part of God’s plan for salvation. However, the story does not end with His death, as Peter will soon proclaim His resurrection (Acts 10:40).

Historical Context

At the time Peter was speaking, the crucifixion of Jesus was widely known. Jesus had been executed publicly by the Roman authorities at the request of the Jewish leaders. Crucifixion was a brutal and shameful form of execution used for criminals and rebels. By stating that “they killed him by hanging him on a cross,” Peter is emphasizing the injustice of Jesus’ death.

The phrase “in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem” highlights that Jesus’ ministry was not hidden. He had performed miracles, taught large crowds, and confronted religious leaders in public settings. His actions were well known among the people, making it impossible to dismiss His impact.

For Peter’s audience—especially the Gentiles like Cornelius—this was important. They may have heard about Jesus’ crucifixion but didn’t fully understand its meaning. Peter is making it clear: Jesus was not just another teacher who was executed—He was the Messiah who died for the sins of the world.

Theological Implications

1. The crucifixion of Jesus was a real, historical event. Peter and the apostles were eyewitnesses, confirming that Jesus’ death was not a myth or legend.
2. Jesus’ death fulfilled God’s plan. Though human authorities carried out the crucifixion, it was ultimately part of God’s purpose to bring salvation (Acts 2:23).
3. Jesus took the curse of sin upon Himself. The reference to being “hung on a cross” connects to Deuteronomy 21:23, showing that Jesus bore the penalty for sin on behalf of humanity.

Literary Analysis

This verse is structured as a straightforward testimony. Peter does not use complicated theological language—he speaks plainly and directly:

• “We are witnesses” – Establishes the credibility of the apostles’ testimony.
• “Everything he did in the country of the Jews and in Jerusalem” – Highlights the public nature of Jesus’ ministry.
• “They killed him” – States the fact of Jesus’ death.
• “By hanging him on a cross” – Emphasizes the manner of His execution, linking it to Old Testament prophecy.

Peter’s approach is clear and focused. He is not debating or speculating—he is declaring what he and the other apostles personally saw and knew to be true.

Biblical Cross-References

• Luke 24:48 – Jesus tells His disciples, “You are witnesses of these things.” This affirms Peter’s statement in Acts 10:39.
• Acts 1:8 – “You will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.” Peter is now fulfilling this command by preaching to Gentiles.
• Acts 2:23 – “This man was handed over to you by God’s deliberate plan and foreknowledge; and you, with the help of wicked men, put him to death by nailing him to the cross.” This reinforces that Jesus’ death was both human injustice and divine purpose.
• Galatians 3:13 – “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: ‘Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree.'” This confirms that Jesus’ crucifixion was necessary for our redemption.

What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian

Acts 10:39 reminds Christians that our faith is based on real, historical events. Jesus’ life, death, and resurrection are not just religious ideas—they are facts witnessed by real people.

This verse also challenges believers to be witnesses for Christ today. Peter boldly declared what he knew to be true. In the same way, Christians are called to share the truth about Jesus with others, even when it is difficult.

Additionally, this verse highlights the seriousness of sin. Jesus, the perfect Son of God, suffered a cruel and humiliating death to pay the penalty for our sins. This should lead believers to a deeper gratitude and commitment to live for Him.

How This Verse Relates to a Loving God

God’s love is seen in this verse through the sacrifice of Jesus. Though Jesus was innocent, He willingly endured the cross to take the punishment that we deserved. His death was not forced upon Him—He gave His life out of love.

God also demonstrated His love by sending witnesses like Peter to proclaim the message of salvation. He wanted the world to know what had happened so that all people could have the opportunity to believe in Jesus.

How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ

This verse directly points to the heart of Jesus’ mission—His death on the cross for the salvation of sinners.

• Jesus’ crucifixion was not an accident; it was foretold in Scripture (Isaiah 53:5 – “He was pierced for our transgressions…”).
• His death fulfilled God’s plan to bring forgiveness to the world (John 3:16 – “For God so loved the world…”).
• His suffering took the place of sinners, offering redemption to all who believe in Him (2 Corinthians 5:21 – “God made him who had no sin to be sin for us…”).

Peter is making it clear: Jesus’ death was not just a tragic event—it was the key to God’s plan of salvation.

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

1. Why is it important that Peter and the apostles were eyewitnesses to Jesus’ life and death?
2. How does knowing that Jesus willingly died for our sins affect the way you live?
3. What does it mean for you to be a “witness” for Jesus today?
4. How does this verse challenge you to share your faith with others, just as Peter did?
5. How can understanding the reality of the cross deepen your gratitude for God’s love?

Acts 10:39 is a powerful reminder that Jesus’ death was real, purposeful, and necessary for salvation. It challenges every believer to stand boldly as witnesses for Christ and to live in the reality of what He has done. Through His sacrifice, we have the greatest gift—forgiveness and eternal life.