Daniel 5:28 – “Peres: Your kingdom is divided and given to the Medes and Persians.”
Extended Explanation
In this verse, Daniel explains the final word of the inscription, PERES (a singular form of the word PARSIN from Daniel 5:25). It means “divided,” symbolizing the end of Belshazzar’s reign and the division of his kingdom. Daniel declares that God has judged Babylon and decided to hand it over to the Medes and Persians.
This verdict is the culmination of God’s judgment against Belshazzar for his arrogance, idolatry, and desecration of the sacred temple vessels. It also reflects the end of an era for the Babylonian Empire, a once-mighty kingdom brought down by divine decree.
Historical Context
The fall of Babylon happened on the very night of Belshazzar’s feast (Daniel 5:30-31). While Belshazzar and his nobles celebrated, the Medo-Persian army, led by King Cyrus and his general Darius, diverted the Euphrates River and entered the city through its water gates. Babylon, thought to be impenetrable, fell without a significant battle, fulfilling God’s judgment as foretold in this verse.
This event marked the end of the Babylonian Empire and the beginning of the Medo-Persian rule, just as Daniel had earlier interpreted in Nebuchadnezzar’s dream (Daniel 2:39).
Theological Implications
This verse highlights God’s ultimate authority over nations and rulers. No kingdom, no matter how powerful, can stand against God’s will. Belshazzar’s fall is a reminder that human pride and defiance against God will always lead to judgment.
The division of the kingdom also reflects the consequences of sin and rebellion. Babylon, which had been used by God to discipline His people, became the object of His judgment when its leaders failed to honor Him.
Literary Analysis
The word PERES carries multiple layers of meaning. It not only signifies division but also sounds similar to the word for “Persians,” foreshadowing the kingdom’s transfer to Medo-Persian control. This play on words adds depth to the narrative and reinforces the certainty of God’s judgment.
The structure of this verse, following the progression of “numbered,” “weighed,” and “divided,” creates a sense of finality. It shows the inevitability of Babylon’s fall, underscoring that God’s judgment is just and complete.
Relevant Biblical Cross-References
- Isaiah 13:17-19: A prophecy about the fall of Babylon, stating that God would stir up the Medes against the city.
- Proverbs 21:1: “In the Lord’s hand the king’s heart is a stream of water that He channels toward all who please Him.” This reflects God’s control over rulers and nations.
- Revelation 18:2: Babylon is used as a symbol of human pride and rebellion against God, echoing its historical fall.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians, Daniel 5:28 serves as a reminder that no earthly kingdom or power is beyond God’s authority. It challenges believers to trust in God’s sovereignty, even when human leaders or governments seem unassailable.
This verse also encourages humility and reverence for God. Like Belshazzar, individuals and nations that reject God’s authority will ultimately face His judgment. Believers are called to live in obedience to God and to place their hope in His eternal kingdom rather than in worldly systems.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
God’s love is seen in His justice and sovereignty. While His judgment on Babylon was severe, it was a response to persistent sin and rebellion. God’s actions reflect His commitment to uphold righteousness and to hold people accountable for their actions.
This verse also shows that God is in control of history, using even the rise and fall of nations to fulfill His purposes. His love is evident in His faithfulness to His plans, including the eventual restoration of His people under Medo-Persian rule.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
This verse points to Jesus Christ as the King of an eternal kingdom that will never be divided or fall. While Babylon’s kingdom was divided and given to the Medes and Persians, Christ’s kingdom is unshakable and everlasting (Hebrews 12:28).
Jesus also taught about the judgment of earthly kingdoms and the importance of seeking God’s kingdom above all else (Matthew 6:33). His life, death, and resurrection made a way for people to enter this eternal kingdom, offering hope in the face of worldly uncertainty and judgment.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- How does this verse challenge you to view the rise and fall of nations through the lens of God’s sovereignty?
- What lessons can you learn from Belshazzar’s pride and Babylon’s fall about honoring God in your own life?
- How does the certainty of God’s judgment influence the way you live and make decisions?
- In what ways does Jesus’ eternal kingdom provide hope and security in a world of uncertainty?
- How can you encourage others to trust in God’s authority and seek His kingdom above all else?