Ephesians 1:1 – “Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God, To God’s holy people in Ephesus, the faithful in Christ Jesus:”
Extended Explanation
This verse is the opening line of Paul’s letter to the Ephesians. It introduces the author, his authority, and his intended audience. Paul, a man who once persecuted Christians, now identifies himself as an apostle—someone sent by Jesus Christ Himself. But Paul doesn’t claim this role for himself; he is an apostle “by the will of God.” This reminds us that spiritual calling isn’t about personal ambition, but about God’s sovereign plan.
Paul writes to “God’s holy people in Ephesus,” also called “the faithful in Christ Jesus.” These aren’t perfect people, but those set apart by God and saved by faith in Jesus. The phrase “in Christ Jesus” is key because it defines what makes someone truly part of God’s people—not ethnicity, heritage, or personal goodness, but a relationship with Christ.
Historical Context
Ephesus was a wealthy and influential city in the Roman province of Asia (modern-day Turkey). It was famous for the Temple of Artemis, a massive pagan religious center, and was filled with idol worship, magic, and immorality (Acts 19:23-41). Paul had spent years ministering there, building up the church and teaching both Jews and Gentiles about Jesus (Acts 19-20).
This letter was likely written while Paul was imprisoned in Rome (around AD 60-62), and it was intended not just for Ephesus but for Christians in surrounding areas as well. This wasn’t just an ordinary letter; it was a message of encouragement and instruction for believers living in a culture opposed to their faith.
Theological Implications
This verse establishes Paul’s authority as God-given, reminding us that the teachings in Ephesians come directly from God. It also highlights the identity of believers as “holy” and “faithful,” not because of their own efforts but because they are “in Christ.”
One key doctrine here is God’s sovereign will. Paul didn’t choose his apostleship; God appointed him. This reinforces the biblical truth that salvation, callings, and even daily guidance come from God’s will, not human effort (Romans 8:28-30).
Literary Analysis
Ephesians 1:1 follows the typical structure of ancient letters—introducing the sender, recipients, and setting the tone for what follows. Paul’s use of “apostle” asserts his divine commissioning, while the phrase “God’s holy people” (or “saints” in some translations) emphasizes identity in Christ rather than individual merit.
The phrase “faithful in Christ Jesus” also plays an important role. “Faithful” can refer to both believing in Jesus and living out that faith. This shows that Christianity is not just about belief but also about obedience and perseverance.
Biblical Cross-References
- Acts 9:15 – Jesus tells Ananias that Paul is His “chosen instrument” to carry His name. This aligns with Paul’s statement that he is an apostle “by the will of God.”
- Romans 1:7 – Paul similarly calls believers “saints” (holy people), showing that holiness is a status granted by God, not earned by works.
- John 15:16 – Jesus tells His disciples, “You did not choose me, but I chose you,” echoing the idea that Paul’s apostleship (and our salvation) is based on God’s will.
- 1 Corinthians 1:2 – Paul calls the church “sanctified in Christ Jesus and called to be holy,” reinforcing the idea of being set apart.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
This verse reminds us that our identity is found in Christ. Just as the Ephesian believers were surrounded by a culture hostile to their faith, we live in a world filled with distractions, temptations, and opposition. But like them, we are called to be “holy”—set apart for God.
It also challenges us to trust in God’s will. Paul didn’t earn his position as an apostle; God called him. In the same way, we don’t make ourselves worthy of God’s love—He chooses, saves, and calls us to follow Him.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
God’s love is seen in how He calls and sets apart His people. He didn’t abandon Ephesus to its idolatry—He sent Paul to preach the gospel, and He preserved His church there despite opposition. Likewise, God loves us enough to call us into His family and make us His own.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Paul’s apostleship and the faith of the Ephesians both center on Christ. Without Jesus, Paul would have remained a persecutor, and the Ephesian believers would have been lost in their sins.
Jesus is the one who made Paul an apostle (Acts 9:3-6). Jesus is the reason believers are called “holy” (Hebrews 10:10). Jesus is the one in whom they are “faithful” (John 3:16). Everything in this verse points back to Him.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- What does it mean to be “holy” and “faithful” in Christ today?
- How can we be confident in God’s calling, even when we feel unworthy?
- How does knowing that Paul was called “by the will of God” shape our understanding of God’s guidance in our own lives?
- What are some ways we can live out our faith in a culture that doesn’t always align with Christian values?