Exodus 20:21 – “The people remained at a distance, while Moses approached the thick darkness where God was.”
Extended Explanation
Exodus 20:21 describes the moment when the Israelites, overwhelmed by the intense manifestation of God’s presence on Mount Sinai, chose to stay at a distance. While the people kept their distance, Moses courageously approached the “thick darkness” where God was. This verse highlights the contrast between the people’s fear and Moses’ willingness to draw near to God despite the intimidating circumstances. The “thick darkness” symbolizes the mystery and holiness of God’s presence, a place that is both awe-inspiring and terrifying. Moses’ approach signifies his unique role as the mediator between God and the people, showing his trust and obedience in God’s call.
Historical Context
The historical context of this verse is the giving of the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai, a pivotal moment in the formation of the Israelite nation. The events leading up to this moment included dramatic displays of God’s power—thunder, lightning, the sound of a trumpet, and a smoking mountain. The Israelites, who had just been delivered from slavery in Egypt, were now confronted with the reality of God’s holiness and authority. Their decision to stay at a distance reflects their fear of God’s overwhelming presence. In contrast, Moses, who had been called by God to lead the people, demonstrated his faith and trust by approaching the very place where God’s presence was most intensely felt.
Theological Implications
Theologically, this verse underscores the transcendence and holiness of God. God’s presence is depicted as something that is not easily approached, symbolized by the “thick darkness.” This darkness represents the mystery and otherness of God, who cannot be fully understood or contained by human comprehension. The verse also highlights the need for a mediator between God and humanity. While the people feared to approach, Moses was willing to enter into God’s presence on their behalf, foreshadowing the role of Christ as the ultimate mediator who bridges the gap between God and humanity.
Literary Analysis
Literarily, Exodus 20:21 contrasts the reactions of the Israelites with that of Moses. The phrase “remained at a distance” emphasizes the people’s fear and reluctance, while “Moses approached the thick darkness” highlights his boldness and faith. The “thick darkness” serves as a powerful image of the unknown and the holy, a place where only those who are called by God can enter. The verse uses simple yet evocative language to convey the weight of the moment, leaving a lasting impression of the awe and reverence due to God’s presence.
Biblical Cross-References
- Exodus 19:16-19 – This passage describes the thunder, lightning, and smoke that covered Mount Sinai, setting the stage for the people’s fear and Moses’ approach.
- Deuteronomy 5:23-27 – This passage recounts the people’s fear at Mount Sinai and their request for Moses to speak to God on their behalf, highlighting their reluctance to approach God directly.
- Hebrews 12:18-24 – This passage contrasts the fearsome experience at Mount Sinai with the joyful access to God made possible through Jesus Christ, who is the mediator of a new covenant.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians today, Exodus 20:21 serves as a reminder of the awe and reverence that God’s presence should inspire. While we have access to God through Jesus Christ, this verse challenges us not to take that access for granted. It calls us to approach God with humility and respect, recognizing His holiness and the seriousness of entering into His presence. The verse also encourages us to be like Moses, willing to draw near to God even when it’s intimidating or challenging. In a world that often seeks comfort and avoids discomfort, this verse reminds us that true spiritual growth often requires stepping into the unknown and trusting God in the midst of uncertainty.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
This verse reveals God’s love in His willingness to dwell among His people, even though His presence is overwhelming and awe-inspiring. God did not hide Himself from the Israelites; instead, He revealed His presence in a way that demonstrated His power and holiness. The “thick darkness” may seem intimidating, but it also shows that God is willing to meet His people where they are, even if that place is mysterious or frightening. God’s love is also evident in His provision of a mediator—Moses in this context—who can approach Him on behalf of the people. This reflects God’s desire for a relationship with His people, even though they are fearful and imperfect.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Moses’ role as the mediator who approaches God on behalf of the people foreshadows the role of Jesus Christ as the ultimate mediator. While Moses entered the “thick darkness” to receive God’s law, Jesus entered the world to bring God’s grace and truth. Through His life, death, and resurrection, Jesus makes it possible for us to approach God with confidence, knowing that He has removed the barrier of sin that separates us from God. Hebrews 4:16 encourages us to “approach God’s throne of grace with confidence,” a privilege made possible through Jesus’ mediating work. Just as Moses went where the people could not go, Jesus has gone before us, making a way for us to enter into God’s presence without fear.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- How does this verse challenge your understanding of God’s holiness and your approach to Him in prayer and worship?
- In what ways can you cultivate a deeper sense of awe and reverence for God’s presence in your daily life?
- How does Moses’ willingness to approach the “thick darkness” inspire you to trust God in uncertain or challenging situations?
- How does Jesus’ role as our mediator affect your confidence in approaching God and living out your faith?
This article encourages believers to reflect on the significance of God’s holiness, the need for a mediator, and the incredible privilege we have through Jesus Christ to approach God with both reverence and confidence.