Exodus 21:9: “If he selects her for his son, he must grant her the rights of a daughter.”

Extended Explanation

Exodus 21:9 addresses the situation where a man, who has acquired a female servant, decides to give her in marriage to his son. The law requires that once this decision is made, the woman must be treated not as a servant, but as a daughter. This verse underscores the importance of recognizing and respecting the dignity and rights of individuals, particularly in the context of marriage and family. It ensures that the woman is integrated fully into the family, with all the rights and privileges that a daughter would have, rather than being treated as a lesser member of the household.

Historical Context

In the ancient Near Eastern context, arranged marriages were common, and the practice of a servant becoming a member of the household through marriage was not unusual. However, such arrangements often left the woman vulnerable to mistreatment or being seen as less than a full family member. The law in Exodus 21:9 was designed to protect the rights of these women, ensuring that they were not exploited or marginalized once they entered the family through marriage. By requiring that the woman be treated as a daughter, the law provided her with a secure and respected position within the household.

Theological Implications

Theologically, this verse reflects God’s concern for justice, equality, and the sanctity of marriage. By elevating the status of the woman to that of a daughter, the law emphasizes the importance of recognizing the inherent worth and dignity of every person, regardless of their social or economic background. This reflects the biblical principle that all people are created in the image of God and deserve to be treated with respect and honor. The verse also highlights the importance of family relationships and the responsibility of those in authority to ensure that justice and fairness are upheld within the household.

Literary Analysis

Literarily, Exodus 21:9 is part of a broader legal code that provides specific instructions for various social and familial situations. The verse is structured as a conditional statement, outlining the obligations of the master once the woman is given to his son in marriage. The phrase “he must grant her the rights of a daughter” is key to understanding the verse, as it emphasizes the necessity of integrating the woman fully into the family. This requirement not only protects the woman but also upholds the integrity and honor of the family structure.

Biblical Cross-References

Several other biblical passages relate to the themes in Exodus 21:9:

• Leviticus 19:34: “The foreigner residing among you must be treated as your native-born. Love them as yourself, for you were foreigners in Egypt. I am the Lord your God.”
• Ephesians 5:25-28: “Husbands, love your wives, just as Christ loved the church and gave himself up for her to make her holy, cleansing her by the washing with water through the word, and to present her to himself as a radiant church, without stain or wrinkle or any other blemish, but holy and blameless.”
• Galatians 3:28: “There is neither Jew nor Gentile, neither slave nor free, nor is there male and female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus.”

These references emphasize the biblical concern for justice, equality, and the full inclusion of all members within the community and the family.

What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian

For today’s Christian, Exodus 21:9 serves as a reminder of the importance of treating all people with dignity and respect, especially within the context of family relationships. It challenges believers to consider how they can ensure that everyone within their household or community is valued and treated as an equal member. This verse also encourages Christians to reflect on the ways in which they can promote justice and fairness in their relationships, particularly in situations where there may be a power imbalance or where someone is vulnerable.

How This Verse Relates to a Loving God

This verse reveals God’s love in His concern for justice and the protection of those who might be vulnerable within society. By establishing laws that require the full inclusion of a woman into her new family, God demonstrates His care for the well-being of every individual. God’s love is expressed through His desire for a just and compassionate society where everyone is treated with the dignity they deserve. This passage reflects God’s character as a loving Father who values each person and ensures that they are cared for within the family structure.

How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ

Jesus Christ’s teachings and actions throughout His ministry emphasized the inclusion and dignity of all people, regardless of their status. In Matthew 19:14, Jesus said, “Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these.” This statement reflects the heart of God as seen in Exodus 21:9, where laws were established to protect and honor those who might otherwise be overlooked. Jesus’ life and ministry fulfill and expand on these principles, demonstrating that in God’s kingdom, every person is valued and included as a beloved member of the family.

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

1. How does Exodus 21:9 challenge us to think about the importance of inclusion and equality in our own relationships?
2. What does this verse teach us about the value of every person and the responsibility we have to treat others with dignity and respect?
3. How can Christians today apply the principles of this verse in their family relationships and interactions with others?
4. In what ways does Jesus’ ministry reflect the values seen in this verse, and how can we follow His example?
5. How does this passage reflect God’s character, and how should that impact our relationship with Him?

This article explores the meaning of Exodus 21:9, offering insights into its relevance for modern Christian living and drawing connections to broader biblical themes of justice, inclusion, and the value of every person.