Exodus 37:9 – “The cherubim had their wings spread upward, overshadowing the cover with them. The cherubim faced each other, looking toward the cover.”
Extended Explanation
Exodus 37:9 describes the final details of the cherubim placed on the atonement cover of the Ark of the Covenant. The cherubim, made of gold, had their wings spread upward, overshadowing the cover, and their faces were turned toward each other, looking down at the cover. This imagery emphasizes the sacredness of the Ark and the significance of the atonement cover as the place where God’s presence would meet with His people.
The spread wings of the cherubim create a protective canopy over the atonement cover, symbolizing the holiness of this space. Their gaze toward the cover signifies reverence and the recognition that this was the place where atonement for sin was made. The position and posture of the cherubim reflect the awe and respect that should accompany the presence of God.
Historical Context
The Ark of the Covenant was the most sacred object in Israel’s worship, representing God’s covenant with His people and His presence among them. The atonement cover, also known as the mercy seat, was where the high priest would sprinkle the blood of a sacrificial animal on the Day of Atonement, seeking forgiveness for the sins of the nation.
The cherubim are consistent with other biblical accounts where they serve as guardians of holy places, such as the entrance to the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:24). Their role on the Ark highlights the sanctity of the atonement cover and the seriousness of approaching God. The careful construction of the cherubim, with their wings overshadowing the cover, underscores the sacredness of the place where God’s presence would dwell.
Theological Implications
Theologically, the cherubim’s posture—wings spread upward and faces turned toward the cover—represents the holiness of God and the reverence due to Him. The atonement cover, where their wings overshadow, was the place where God’s justice and mercy met, making atonement for the sins of Israel.
The cherubim’s role as guardians also reflects the barrier between sinful humanity and a holy God, which could only be bridged through atonement. Their gaze toward the cover signifies the focus on God’s provision for sin through the sacrificial system, pointing to the need for mediation between God and humanity.
Literary Analysis
Exodus 37:9 is a richly detailed verse that contributes to the overall narrative of the Ark’s construction. The description of the cherubim’s wings and their position is not merely decorative but carries deep symbolic meaning. The upward spread of the wings creates an image of protection and reverence, while the cherubim’s gaze toward the cover highlights the focal point of God’s interaction with His people.
The verse uses vivid imagery to convey the sacredness of the Ark, particularly the atonement cover, reinforcing the theme of holiness that runs throughout the narrative of the Tabernacle’s construction.
Biblical Cross-References
- Exodus 25:20: This verse provides the original instructions for the cherubim’s position, which are faithfully executed in Exodus 37:9.
- Leviticus 16:14-15: These verses describe the Day of Atonement ritual, where the high priest sprinkles blood on the atonement cover, emphasizing its importance in Israel’s worship.
- Psalm 99:1: This verse speaks of God being enthroned between the cherubim, highlighting the significance of their presence on the Ark.
Application for Today’s Christian
For today’s Christians, Exodus 37:9 is a reminder of the holiness of God and the reverence with which we should approach Him. The cherubim, with their wings spread upward and eyes fixed on the atonement cover, symbolize the awe and respect that should characterize our relationship with God. This verse challenges believers to consider how they honor God’s presence in their own lives and worship.
The focus of the cherubim on the atonement cover also points to the centrality of atonement in our faith. Just as the cherubim gazed upon the place where atonement was made, Christians are called to focus on the atonement provided through Jesus Christ, who is our ultimate mercy seat.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
This verse illustrates God’s love in providing a means for atonement and reconciliation with His people. The cherubim, with their protective wings overshadowing the atonement cover, symbolize God’s desire to both protect and be present with His people. God’s provision for atonement, represented by the mercy seat, shows His commitment to maintaining a relationship with His people despite their sin.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
The cherubim on the atonement cover point directly to Jesus Christ, who fulfills the role of the mercy seat in the New Testament. Just as the cherubim oversaw the place where atonement was made, Jesus is the place where God’s justice and mercy meet. Romans 3:25 describes Jesus as the “sacrifice of atonement,” through whom we receive forgiveness and reconciliation with God. The cherubim’s focus on the atonement cover foreshadows the focus Christians should have on Christ’s atoning work on the cross.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- How does the image of the cherubim with their wings spread upward challenge you to think about the reverence with which you approach God?
- In what ways can you ensure that your focus remains on the atonement provided through Jesus Christ?
- How does the role of the cherubim as guardians of the atonement cover deepen your understanding of God’s holiness and the seriousness of sin?
- What does the integration of the cherubim with the mercy seat teach you about the completeness and unity of God’s plan for salvation?
Exodus 37:9, while describing the detailed construction of the Ark, offers profound insights into the nature of God’s holiness, the importance of atonement, and the role of Jesus Christ as the fulfillment of these Old Testament symbols. It calls Christians to live with a deep sense of reverence and gratitude for the atoning work of Christ.