Leviticus 11:6 – “The rabbit, though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof; it is unclean for you.”
Extended Explanation
Leviticus 11:6 is a part of the dietary laws given to the Israelites that outline which animals are considered clean or unclean. This verse specifically addresses the rabbit, stating that it is unclean because it chews the cud but does not have a divided hoof. In the context of these laws, “chewing the cud” refers to animals that regurgitate their food to chew it again, a trait that, along with having a split hoof, determined which animals were clean. The rabbit, despite appearing to chew its cud, lacks the physical characteristic of a split hoof and is therefore categorized as unclean. The broader purpose of these dietary restrictions was to teach the Israelites about purity, obedience, and the need to follow God’s specific instructions.
Historical Context
The book of Leviticus was written during the time when the Israelites were in the wilderness after their exodus from Egypt. At this time, God was establishing His covenant with Israel, giving them laws and guidelines for how to live as His distinct people. These dietary laws were a key part of God’s instructions to Israel, setting them apart from the nations around them and reinforcing their identity as a holy people. In the ancient world, dietary practices were often linked to religious beliefs and social customs. By following these laws, the Israelites would not only maintain ritual purity but also avoid practices that might lead them into idolatry or pagan customs.
Theological Implications
Theologically, Leviticus 11:6 reinforces the concept of holiness and separation. God’s people were called to be holy as He is holy, and this holiness was reflected in every aspect of their lives, including what they ate. The classification of the rabbit as unclean, despite some of its characteristics aligning with clean animals, demonstrates that holiness requires careful obedience to God’s commands, not a partial or superficial adherence. This principle teaches that God’s people must fully align themselves with His standards, recognizing that God’s instructions are designed to guide them in living rightly and reflecting His character.
Literary Analysis
Leviticus 11:6 is written in a clear and directive manner, typical of the legal codes found throughout the book of Leviticus. The verse fits into a pattern that describes the characteristics of animals that make them either clean or unclean. The phrase “though it chews the cud, does not have a divided hoof” is a repetitive literary structure that reinforces the criteria for determining cleanliness. The emphasis on specific characteristics and the repeated declaration “it is unclean for you” highlights the importance of precision in following God’s laws. This style reflects the seriousness with which these laws were to be taken and the clarity God provided to ensure His people understood what was expected.
Relevant Biblical Cross-References
- Deuteronomy 14:7: This passage also outlines the dietary laws and reiterates that the rabbit, along with other animals, is unclean for the Israelites.
- Psalm 104:18: While not directly about dietary laws, this psalm mentions the rabbit (or coney) living among the rocks, showing its place in creation but not for food.
- Mark 7:18-19: Jesus teaches that it is not what goes into a person that makes them unclean, but what comes out, shifting the focus from ceremonial laws to the condition of the heart.
- Acts 10:14-15: Peter is shown a vision where God declares all foods clean, indicating a new understanding of purity and the end of the Old Testament dietary restrictions.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians today, Leviticus 11:6 might seem like an outdated regulation with no relevance. However, the principle behind the verse is still significant. It teaches us about the importance of being fully obedient to God’s standards, rather than picking and choosing which parts to follow. While Christians are not bound by the Old Testament dietary laws, as Jesus has fulfilled the Law and made all foods clean (Mark 7:19), the call to live a holy life remains. This means making choices that honor God and reflect our commitment to Him in all areas of life, whether big or small.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
Leviticus 11:6 reveals God’s loving care in setting clear boundaries for His people. The dietary laws, including the classification of the rabbit as unclean, were given to protect Israel spiritually and physically. By following these laws, the Israelites would maintain their distinct identity and stay away from practices that could lead them away from God. Just as a loving parent sets rules to guide their children toward what is best for them, God’s laws were given out of love, not to burden His people but to help them flourish in their relationship with Him.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
The dietary laws in Leviticus, including those about the rabbit in Leviticus 11:6, find their fulfillment in Jesus Christ. Jesus came to fulfill the Law, and in His teachings, He emphasized that true purity comes from the heart (Matthew 15:11). With His death and resurrection, Jesus established a new covenant that focuses on inward transformation rather than external observance of the law. The laws of clean and unclean foods were shadows pointing to the greater reality of the spiritual cleansing that Jesus offers. Through faith in Christ, we are made clean, not by adhering to dietary restrictions, but by His sacrificial death on the cross (Hebrews 9:13-14).
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- What does the concept of clean and unclean teach us about living a holy life today?
- How can Christians live in a way that is distinct from the world around them?
- What does it mean to fully obey God’s commands rather than just partially?
- How does understanding the purpose behind Old Testament laws deepen our appreciation for God’s grace through Jesus Christ?
- How does Jesus’ focus on inner purity challenge our current attitudes and behaviors?
This exploration of Leviticus 11:6 shows that while the specific dietary laws are no longer applicable to Christians, the principles of holiness, obedience, and a life set apart for God continue to guide believers in their daily walk with Him.