Leviticus 18:18: “Do not take your wife’s sister as a rival wife and have sexual relations with her while your wife is living.”
Extended Explanation
Leviticus 18:18 is a command that prohibits a man from marrying his wife’s sister while his wife is still alive. This command specifically addresses the issue of polygamy within the family, particularly when it involves taking a wife’s sister as a second wife. The verse highlights the potential for rivalry and discord that could arise from such a relationship, warning against actions that would create jealousy, conflict, and strife within the family.
This law underscores the importance of protecting the marital bond and maintaining peace within the family. By specifically forbidding the marriage of a wife’s sister, God’s command emphasizes that family relationships should not be disrupted or exploited for personal gain. The verse teaches that marriage should be a relationship of commitment and respect, not a situation that fosters rivalry and division.
Historical Context
The Book of Leviticus was given to the Israelites during a time when they were being formed into a distinct people set apart for God. In the ancient world, polygamy was common, and it was not unusual for a man to take multiple wives, often including close relatives of his first wife. These practices often led to jealousy, conflict, and family dysfunction, which is evident in many biblical accounts, such as the story of Leah and Rachel in Genesis.
By giving this command, God was setting a standard for the Israelites that differed from the surrounding cultures. The prohibition against taking a wife’s sister as a rival wife was meant to protect the integrity of the marriage and to prevent unnecessary strife within the family. This command reflects God’s concern for the well-being of His people and His desire for them to live in harmony and peace.
Theological Implications
Leviticus 18:18 reveals several important truths about God’s design for marriage and family. This verse shows that God values the sanctity of marriage and the importance of maintaining a loving and respectful relationship between husband and wife. God’s design for marriage is that it would be a partnership marked by unity, not a situation that fosters rivalry and discord.
This command also teaches that God’s laws are given to protect His people from the consequences of sin and to promote healthy relationships. By forbidding a man from taking his wife’s sister as a rival, God is safeguarding the marriage bond and preserving the family’s peace. This reflects God’s desire for His people to live in a way that honors Him and fosters loving, respectful relationships.
Literary Analysis
Leviticus 18:18 is part of the “Holiness Code” in Leviticus, a section that outlines how the Israelites are to live in a way that reflects God’s holiness. The verse uses straightforward language to communicate the command, clearly stating what is forbidden and why: to prevent rivalry and conflict within the family. The mention of “while your wife is living” emphasizes the inappropriateness of introducing competition within a marriage.
The repetitive “do not” statements throughout Leviticus 18 reinforce the seriousness of maintaining proper conduct in relationships. Each command builds upon the others, creating a comprehensive guide for living according to God’s standards. The literary style underscores that these are not just cultural suggestions but divine instructions that carry significant moral weight.
Biblical Cross-References
Several other passages in the Bible reinforce the principles found in Leviticus 18:18:
- Genesis 29:16-30: The story of Leah and Rachel, who were both married to Jacob, serves as an example of the rivalry and pain that can result from marrying sisters. Their relationship was marked by jealousy and competition, highlighting the wisdom of God’s command in Leviticus.
- 1 Samuel 1:6-7: The account of Hannah and Peninnah, who were both married to Elkanah, shows the strife and heartache that often accompany polygamous relationships. Peninnah’s constant provocation of Hannah caused deep emotional distress.
- Matthew 19:4-6: Jesus teaches about the sanctity of marriage, emphasizing that God’s design is for one man and one woman to be united in a committed, exclusive relationship.
These cross-references illustrate the consistent biblical message that upholds the value of a harmonious, faithful marriage relationship.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians today, Leviticus 18:18 serves as a reminder of the importance of protecting the unity and sanctity of marriage. While polygamy is not commonly practiced in many cultures today, the principles behind this command are still relevant. This verse challenges believers to guard their marriages against anything that would create division, jealousy, or rivalry.
It also encourages Christians to uphold God’s design for marriage as a lifelong, exclusive commitment between one man and one woman. This command serves as a call to nurture healthy, loving, and respectful relationships within the family and to avoid any actions that could harm the bond between husband and wife.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
Leviticus 18:18 reflects God’s love and concern for the well-being of His people. God’s laws are not given to burden us but to protect us from the pain and consequences of sin. By setting clear boundaries within the family, God is safeguarding relationships from unnecessary strife and discord. His commands are meant to lead us into a life of peace, harmony, and mutual respect.
God’s love is evident in His desire to see marriages flourish as partnerships that reflect His faithfulness and love. The prohibition against taking a wife’s sister as a rival wife is one of the ways God ensures that the marriage bond remains strong and undivided. God’s laws are a reflection of His heart for us—He wants what is best for His people.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Jesus Christ came to fulfill the law, and His teachings often uphold the moral standards found in the Old Testament. In Matthew 5:17, Jesus stated that He did not come to abolish the law but to fulfill it. Through His life and teachings, Jesus emphasized the importance of faithfulness, integrity, and love in relationships.
Jesus’ teaching on marriage reinforces God’s design for a committed, loving partnership between one man and one woman. In Mark 10:6-9, Jesus reminds us that from the beginning, God’s intention was for marriage to be a union that reflects His love and faithfulness. Through His sacrifice on the cross, Jesus offers forgiveness and the power to live according to God’s design for relationships. His grace empowers believers to nurture marriages that honor God and reflect His love.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- What does this verse teach us about the importance of maintaining unity and respect within marriage?
- How can we apply the principles of this command to protect our marriages from rivalry and division?
- Why do you think God places such a strong emphasis on family harmony in Scripture?
- How does understanding God’s love help us see His commands as protective rather than restrictive?
- How does Jesus help us live according to God’s design for relationships, especially within marriage?