Luke 6:15 – “Matthew, Thomas, James son of Alphaeus, Simon who was called the Zealot,”
Extended Explanation of the Verse
This verse continues the listing of the twelve apostles that Jesus called to follow Him closely and help spread His message. Each name carries significance, as these men were handpicked by Jesus despite their diverse backgrounds and personalities. Matthew (also known as Levi) was a tax collector, someone despised by many Jews for collaborating with the Roman government. Thomas, later known as “Doubting Thomas,” struggled with belief but ultimately made a profound declaration of faith (John 20:28). James, the son of Alphaeus, is less prominent in the Gospel narratives but was a faithful follower. Simon the Zealot likely belonged to a political movement that sought to overthrow Roman rule, emphasizing the diversity among the apostles.
This verse highlights that Jesus chose people from different walks of life and united them in a common mission. It shows that God’s kingdom is not restricted to one kind of person, but it is open to all who are willing to follow Him.
Historical Context
Each of the men listed in this verse brings a unique context to the group of apostles. Matthew, being a tax collector, was likely seen as a traitor by his fellow Jews because tax collectors worked for the occupying Roman authorities and were often corrupt. His inclusion in Jesus’ inner circle demonstrates Jesus’ willingness to call even those who were considered outcasts and sinners.
Simon the Zealot was likely associated with the Zealots, a political group that advocated for the violent overthrow of Roman rule in Judea. If that is the case, his inclusion in the apostles highlights how Jesus brought together people who would naturally be at odds with one another. A tax collector working for Rome and a zealot fighting against Rome would typically be enemies, but under Jesus’ leadership, they were united for a higher purpose.
This group of apostles also included James, the son of Alphaeus, who, although not much is known about him in Scripture, was chosen by Jesus for this significant role. Thomas, despite his doubts, would go on to become a committed witness to the resurrection and an evangelist.
Theological Implications
This verse demonstrates that God’s call is not based on human merit but on His grace and purpose. Matthew was a tax collector, Thomas doubted, and Simon had political zeal, yet all were chosen by Jesus to be part of His mission. Their inclusion reflects the transforming power of Jesus—He didn’t choose perfect people, but people He could shape and use for His kingdom.
The diversity of the apostles also emphasizes the inclusive nature of God’s kingdom. Jesus calls people from different backgrounds, perspectives, and experiences, bringing them together under His lordship. In the same way, the church today is meant to reflect unity in diversity, with people of all backgrounds working together to spread the gospel.
This passage also shows that following Jesus often requires transformation. Matthew had to leave his corrupt work behind, Simon had to trade political rebellion for spiritual mission, and Thomas had to move from doubt to faith. Jesus meets people where they are but doesn’t leave them there—He changes them.
Literary Analysis
Luke’s listing of the apostles is simple and straightforward, but the names themselves carry meaning. The inclusion of both Matthew and Simon the Zealot demonstrates a deliberate contrast, which underscores one of the key themes of Luke’s Gospel: God’s grace breaks down barriers. The placement of these diverse individuals side by side reflects how Jesus unifies those who would otherwise be divided by political, social, or personal differences. The mention of Thomas here is significant because of his future role as both a doubter and a proclaimer of Jesus’ divinity.
The narrative structure focuses on listing the names without much elaboration, allowing readers to reflect on the significance of each individual in light of the broader gospel story.
Biblical Cross-References
- Matthew 9:9-13 – Jesus calls Matthew the tax collector to follow Him.
- John 20:24-29 – The story of Thomas doubting and later proclaiming, “My Lord and my God.”
- Acts 1:13 – The apostles gather after Jesus’ ascension, including Simon the Zealot and others.
- Galatians 3:28 – Paul teaches that in Christ, there is no division between Jew and Gentile, slave and free, male and female, because all are one in Him.
- Ephesians 2:14-16 – Jesus is the One who breaks down the dividing wall of hostility and creates unity.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians today, this verse is a reminder that God calls people from all walks of life to be part of His mission. No one is disqualified because of their past mistakes, doubts, or background. If Jesus could call a tax collector, a doubter, and a zealot, He can call anyone willing to follow Him. The apostles’ transformation also shows that God doesn’t leave us where He finds us. When we respond to His call, He works in us to shape us for His purposes.
This verse also challenges Christians to embrace diversity within the body of Christ. The church is not meant to be a place where everyone is the same. Just as the apostles came from different backgrounds but were united in Christ, believers today are called to work together despite differences in culture, background, or life experiences.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
God’s love is seen in His willingness to call people who are flawed, broken, and diverse. Jesus didn’t choose perfect followers—He chose people who needed His guidance, grace, and transformation. This reflects God’s love for humanity. He meets us where we are, and He doesn’t exclude anyone who is willing to come to Him. God’s love is also shown in His ability to bring unity where there would naturally be division. His love breaks down barriers and creates a community that reflects His grace.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Jesus is at the center of this verse, calling each individual to follow Him and be part of His mission. His authority is clear—He chooses and commissions these men despite their differences and flaws. This reflects Jesus’ role as the One who transforms and redeems. The apostles were not chosen because of their qualifications but because of their willingness to be shaped by Him.
Their transformation under Jesus’ leadership points to His role as the One who brings new life. Matthew left his life of sin, Thomas moved from doubt to belief, and Simon the Zealot traded political rebellion for spiritual purpose. Jesus changes lives, and the apostles’ journey reflects His ongoing work in the lives of believers today.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- How does the diversity of the apostles encourage you about God’s ability to use anyone for His purposes?
- Are there any areas of your life where you feel disqualified from serving God? How can you trust in His grace to equip you?
- What lessons can you learn from the transformation of people like Matthew, Thomas, and Simon the Zealot?
- How can you help foster unity within your church or community despite differences in background or perspective?
- What steps can you take to respond to God’s call, even if you feel unprepared or unsure?