Matthew 10:3- “Philip and Bartholomew; Thomas and Matthew the tax collector; James son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus.”
Extended Explanation
This verse continues the listing of Jesus’ twelve apostles, introducing Philip, Bartholomew, Thomas, Matthew, James (son of Alphaeus), and Thaddaeus. Each name represents a person called by Jesus to follow Him and participate in His ministry. Some of these men are well-known in the Gospels, such as Matthew, a former tax collector, and Thomas, who doubted Jesus’ resurrection. Others, like James and Thaddaeus, are less prominent, yet they were no less vital to Jesus’ mission. The diversity of their backgrounds highlights the inclusive nature of Jesus’ call.
Historical Context
In the first century, tax collectors like Matthew were viewed as outcasts and traitors by their fellow Jews because they worked for the occupying Roman authorities and often exploited their own people. Including Matthew in the group of apostles would have been shocking. Philip and Bartholomew (likely another name for Nathanael) were from Galilee, ordinary men likely involved in trade or farming. Thaddaeus (possibly also called Judas son of James) and James (son of Alphaeus) had quieter roles, yet they contributed to the foundation of the early church. This group reflected the diverse makeup of first-century Jewish society.
Theological Implications
This verse shows that Jesus calls people from all walks of life, regardless of their past or societal status. It underscores the grace of God, who transforms lives and uses them for His glory. It also highlights the communal nature of God’s kingdom, where different people work together under Jesus’ leadership to fulfill His mission. Each person has a unique role, and none are insignificant in God’s plan.
Literary Analysis
The list of apostles is written in pairs, which may reflect how they were sent out in ministry (see Mark 6:7). The pairing creates a sense of order and partnership, emphasizing the collaborative aspect of their mission. The mention of “Matthew the tax collector” provides a brief but significant detail, reminding readers of his background and the radical nature of his calling.
Biblical Cross-References
- John 1:45-46: Philip introduces Nathanael (Bartholomew) to Jesus, showing his early recognition of Jesus as the Messiah.
- Matthew 9:9-13: Matthew’s calling by Jesus demonstrates the grace and inclusiveness of His ministry.
- John 20:24-29: Thomas’ doubt and eventual confession of faith reveal his journey to trust in Jesus.
- Acts 1:13-14: These apostles are present in the upper room after Jesus’ ascension, praying and preparing for the coming of the Holy Spirit.
- 1 Corinthians 1:26-29: Paul explains how God chooses the lowly and despised to accomplish His purposes, reflecting the makeup of the apostles.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
This verse reminds Christians that God can use anyone for His purposes, regardless of their past or status. It challenges believers to embrace the diversity of God’s people and to work together for His kingdom. The inclusion of both prominent and lesser-known apostles encourages Christians to find value in their unique contributions to God’s work, even if they don’t receive recognition.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
God’s love is evident in His willingness to call and use imperfect, ordinary people. By choosing a tax collector, a doubter, and others with various backgrounds, Jesus shows that His love is not based on human qualifications but on His grace. This verse reflects a God who sees potential in everyone and welcomes them into His mission.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Jesus is at the center of this verse, calling each apostle by name and equipping them for ministry. He transforms their lives, giving them a purpose far greater than they could have imagined. Matthew’s transformation from a despised tax collector to an apostle illustrates Jesus’ power to redeem and restore. Thomas’ story, later in the Gospels, shows Jesus’ patience and willingness to meet His followers in their doubts.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- What does this verse teach you about God’s ability to use people from different backgrounds?
- How does the inclusion of Matthew, a tax collector, encourage you to view others with grace and compassion?
- In what ways can you work in partnership with other believers to fulfill God’s mission?
- How can you trust God to use your unique abilities and experiences for His glory?
- What can you learn from the apostles’ willingness to leave everything and follow Jesus?