Matthew 19:7- “‘Why then,’ they asked, ‘did Moses command that a man give his wife a certificate of divorce and send her away?’”

An Extended Explanation of the Verse

In this verse, the Pharisees respond to Jesus’ teaching about the permanence of marriage by referencing Moses’ allowance for divorce. They attempt to challenge Jesus by suggesting that divorce is not only permissible but that Moses “commanded” it.

Their question reveals a misunderstanding of the law. Moses did not command divorce; rather, he regulated it to address the reality of human sin and protect vulnerable parties, particularly women, from being mistreated. Jesus later clarifies that this concession was made because of the hardness of human hearts, not because it was God’s original intent.

The Pharisees’ focus on the legality of divorce misses the deeper truth that Jesus is emphasizing: marriage is a sacred, God-ordained union meant to be permanent.

Historical Context

In the time of Moses, divorce was already practiced, often leaving women vulnerable and without protection. By requiring a certificate of divorce, Moses introduced a measure of legal accountability, preventing men from dismissing their wives casually. This regulation served to protect women and ensure some level of justice.

By Jesus’ time, there were heated debates among Jewish leaders about the grounds for divorce. Some followed the stricter interpretation of Rabbi Shammai, allowing divorce only for serious offenses like adultery. Others adhered to the more lenient view of Rabbi Hillel, permitting divorce for almost any reason. The Pharisees’ question reflects this ongoing debate and their attempt to trap Jesus into taking sides.

Theological Implications

This verse highlights the difference between God’s ideal for marriage and the allowances made in response to human sin. While divorce was permitted under certain circumstances, it was never God’s desire. Jesus’ teaching calls people to aim for God’s original design rather than settling for what the law allowed due to sin.

It also reminds us that God’s law is not about finding loopholes but about aligning our lives with His will. The Pharisees’ focus on the technicalities of divorce contrasts with Jesus’ emphasis on the sanctity of marriage.

Literary Analysis

This verse advances the dialogue between Jesus and the Pharisees, highlighting the tension between their legalistic mindset and Jesus’ focus on God’s purpose. The Pharisees’ use of the word “command” is significant because it misrepresents Moses’ intent. Their question exposes their attempt to justify their own interpretations rather than seeking the heart of God’s law.

Jesus’ response (in the following verses) provides clarity, showing that Moses’ regulation was a concession, not an endorsement. This structure reinforces the theme of returning to God’s original plan for marriage.

Relevant Biblical Cross-References

• Deuteronomy 24:1-4 – The Mosaic law concerning certificates of divorce.
• Matthew 5:31-32 – Jesus’ earlier teaching on divorce in the Sermon on the Mount.
• Mark 10:2-5 – A parallel account where Jesus explains the reason for Moses’ allowance.
• Malachi 2:16 – God expresses His hatred of divorce, emphasizing faithfulness in marriage.

What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian

This verse challenges Christians to move beyond legalism and focus on God’s intent for relationships. While laws may allow certain actions, believers are called to seek what honors God and reflects His character.

It also reminds us that marriage requires commitment and reliance on God’s grace. Instead of looking for ways out of marriage, Christians are encouraged to work toward reconciliation, understanding that God’s design is for unity and faithfulness.

How This Verse Relates to a Loving God

God’s love is evident even in the regulations Moses provided. The law was given to protect people, especially the vulnerable, from the consequences of sin. However, God’s ultimate desire is for relationships that reflect His love and faithfulness.

By pointing back to God’s original intent for marriage, Jesus reveals a God who cares deeply about human relationships and desires what is best for His people. His love is seen in His call to higher standards that lead to flourishing and faithfulness.

How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ

Jesus’ response to the Pharisees demonstrates His authority to interpret and fulfill the law. He not only clarifies the purpose of Moses’ regulation but also redirects attention to God’s design, which He came to restore.

Through His sacrifice, Jesus provides grace and healing for broken relationships. He embodies the faithfulness and love that marriage is meant to reflect, showing that reconciliation and restoration are possible through Him.

Questions for Reflection and Discussion

1. How does Jesus’ emphasis on God’s original intent for marriage challenge cultural views on divorce?
2. What does this verse teach us about the difference between God’s allowances and His ideal for our lives?
3. How can Christians seek to honor God’s design for marriage in a world that often prioritizes personal happiness over commitment?
4. In what ways does Jesus’ teaching on marriage encourage us to pursue grace and faithfulness in our relationships?
5. How can the church support individuals and couples in living out God’s design for marriage?