Matthew 23:9: “And do not call anyone on earth ‘father,’ for you have one Father, and he is in heaven.”
Extended Explanation
In this verse, Jesus instructs His followers not to use the title “father” for spiritual leaders in a way that elevates them above God. This doesn’t mean we can’t refer to our biological fathers as “father” or use respectful titles in general. Instead, Jesus is addressing the issue of spiritual pride and the tendency to place human leaders in a position that belongs only to God.
By emphasizing that we have “one Father, and he is in heaven,” Jesus points to God’s ultimate authority and care for His people. God is the source of life, guidance, and spiritual provision. No human leader, no matter how respected, can take His place.
Historical Context
In Jewish culture, the term “father” was sometimes used as a title of honor for respected teachers or elders. It conveyed authority, respect, and a sense of spiritual lineage. However, this practice could lead to an unhealthy dependence on or elevation of human leaders, overshadowing God’s role as the ultimate authority.
The Pharisees and scribes often sought such titles to elevate their status and reinforce their authority over others. Jesus challenges this practice, reminding His followers to focus on their relationship with God rather than on earthly leaders.
Theological Implications
This verse emphasizes God’s unique role as the heavenly Father. He is the ultimate source of wisdom, guidance, and provision, and no human leader can replace Him.
It also highlights the danger of spiritual pride and the tendency to exalt human leaders. While God calls some to roles of teaching and leadership, these roles should be carried out with humility, always pointing people to God rather than drawing attention to themselves.
Literary Analysis
This verse uses direct language to make a bold statement about God’s authority. The phrase “do not call anyone on earth ‘father’” is a hyperbolic way of emphasizing God’s unique role as Father. It challenges cultural norms and encourages believers to rethink their relationship with spiritual leaders.
The repetition of “Father” in reference to God reinforces His authority and care. This verse builds on the broader theme of humility and dependence on God that runs throughout Matthew 23.
Relevant Biblical Cross-References
- Isaiah 64:8: “Yet you, Lord, are our Father. We are the clay, you are the potter; we are all the work of your hand.”
- Malachi 2:10: “Do we not all have one Father? Did not one God create us?”
- James 1:17: Every good and perfect gift comes from the Father above.
- Ephesians 4:6: “One God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all.”
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians today, this verse is a reminder to keep God at the center of our faith. While we may respect and learn from spiritual leaders, our ultimate loyalty and dependence should be on God.
It also encourages humility, both for leaders and for those they lead. Leaders are called to point people to God rather than seeking personal recognition or authority. Likewise, believers are encouraged to seek guidance from God as their primary source of truth and wisdom.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
God’s love is reflected in His role as our heavenly Father. He cares for us, provides for us, and guides us in ways that no human leader can. By reminding us of His unique role, this verse points us to the deep and personal relationship He desires with each of His children.
God’s love also protects us from the dangers of misplaced trust. By focusing on Him as our Father, we are freed from the pressures of relying on imperfect human leaders to meet our spiritual needs.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Jesus, as God’s Son, perfectly reflects the Father’s love and authority. He came to reveal the Father to us (John 14:9) and to make a way for us to be reconciled to Him. Through Jesus, we are invited into a personal relationship with God as our Father (Galatians 4:6).
Jesus also models humility and dependence on the Father. In His earthly ministry, He consistently pointed people to God, saying, “I seek not to please myself but Him who sent me” (John 5:30). His example teaches us to honor God as our ultimate authority and provider.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- Are there ways in which you might rely too much on human leaders rather than on God?
- How can you cultivate a deeper sense of trust and dependence on God as your heavenly Father?
- What steps can you take to ensure that you honor God’s role as the ultimate authority in your life?
- How does the idea of God as your Father shape the way you view your relationship with Him?
- In what ways can you encourage spiritual leaders to remain humble and point others to God?