Matthew 5:21 – “You have heard that it was said to the people long ago, ‘You shall not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’”
An Extended Explanation of the Verse
In this verse, Jesus begins to expand on the deeper meaning of the Old Testament Law. The commandment against murder, part of the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:13), was familiar to His audience. They knew that murder was a serious crime punishable by judgment. However, Jesus is about to reveal that righteousness goes beyond merely avoiding the act of murder—it involves addressing the thoughts, emotions, and attitudes that lead to it. This teaching shifts the focus from external behavior to the condition of the heart.
Historical Context
The command against murder was central to Jewish law and was widely accepted as foundational to maintaining justice and order in society. The Jewish people believed that avoiding murder was enough to fulfill the commandment. Religious leaders often interpreted the law in ways that focused on outward compliance, but Jesus challenges this limited understanding by pointing to the inner attitudes that contribute to sin.
Theological Implications
This verse reminds us that God’s standard of righteousness is not limited to external actions but includes the intentions of the heart. It underscores the idea that sin begins internally, often with anger, hatred, or resentment. Jesus teaches that addressing these deeper issues is essential for living a life that honors God. It also points to the need for God’s grace, as no one can perfectly meet His standard on their own.
Literary Analysis
The phrase “You have heard that it was said” introduces a series of teachings where Jesus contrasts traditional interpretations of the Law with His fuller, deeper understanding. This pattern highlights His authority as the ultimate teacher and interpreter of God’s Word. The use of “to the people long ago” emphasizes the continuity of God’s moral law across generations while setting the stage for Jesus to reveal its deeper meaning.
Biblical Cross-References
- Exodus 20:13: The original commandment, “You shall not murder.”
- 1 John 3:15: “Anyone who hates a brother or sister is a murderer.”
- Matthew 5:22: Jesus expands on this teaching, addressing anger and insult.
- James 4:1-2: Quarrels and fights stem from internal desires.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians today, this verse challenges them to go beyond surface-level obedience to God’s commands. It calls believers to examine their hearts, recognizing that sinful attitudes like anger and hatred can lead to destructive actions. It also encourages self-reflection and repentance, seeking God’s help to transform not only behavior but also inner thoughts and emotions.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
God’s love is evident in His desire for His people to live in harmony with one another. By addressing the root causes of conflict, God shows His commitment to restoring relationships and promoting peace. His love is also seen in His willingness to guide His people toward a deeper understanding of His commands, helping them align their hearts with His will.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Jesus perfectly fulfills the Law by living a life of complete love and obedience. He not only avoids murder but also demonstrates grace and compassion to others, even to His enemies. Through His teaching, He reveals the true heart of God’s commands and invites His followers to live by His example. Ultimately, Jesus’ sacrifice on the cross addresses the root of all sin, offering forgiveness and transformation to those who trust in Him.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- How do you understand the deeper meaning of the commandment “You shall not murder”?
- Are there any attitudes or emotions in your heart that could lead to conflict or harm?
- How can you seek God’s help in addressing anger, resentment, or hatred in your life?
- What does it mean to follow Jesus’ example of love and grace in your relationships?
- How can this teaching encourage you to live with greater humility and self-awareness?
This verse invites believers to consider not just their actions but their hearts, challenging them to pursue a righteousness that reflects the character of God. It points to the transformative power of Jesus’ teachings and His call to live in harmony with others, rooted in love and grace.