Matthew 5:31 – “It has been said, ‘Anyone who divorces his wife must give her a certificate of divorce.’”
An Extended Explanation of the Verse
In this verse, Jesus refers to an established practice regarding divorce in Jewish culture. The “certificate of divorce” was a legal document that allowed a man to formally end his marriage and permitted the woman to remarry. While this practice was rooted in Mosaic Law (Deuteronomy 24:1-4), Jesus uses this statement as a foundation to teach about God’s higher standard for marriage. By addressing divorce, Jesus begins to reveal that marriage is not just a contractual agreement but a covenant meant to reflect God’s faithfulness and design.
Historical Context
In ancient Jewish culture, marriage was a sacred institution, but divorce had become common and was often misused. The Law permitted divorce to address specific situations, but by Jesus’ time, some interpreted it loosely, allowing men to divorce their wives for trivial reasons. This practice often left women vulnerable and unprotected. Jesus challenges this cultural norm, pointing back to God’s original intent for marriage as a lifelong commitment (Genesis 2:24).
Theological Implications
This verse highlights the sanctity of marriage and God’s desire for faithfulness within it. While the Law made provisions for divorce, Jesus teaches that it was never part of God’s original plan. He calls His followers to pursue relationships marked by love, commitment, and reconciliation. This teaching also points to the heart of God’s covenantal relationship with His people, which is based on unchanging love and faithfulness.
Literary Analysis
The phrase “It has been said” introduces a pattern in Jesus’ teaching where He references the Law or cultural practices before providing a deeper interpretation. The mention of the certificate of divorce reflects a specific legal framework but sets the stage for Jesus to address the spiritual and relational dimensions of marriage. This structure emphasizes Jesus’ authority to interpret and fulfill the Law.
Biblical Cross-References
- Deuteronomy 24:1-4: The original law regarding certificates of divorce.
- Malachi 2:16: God declares, “I hate divorce,” highlighting the pain and brokenness it causes.
- Matthew 19:6: Jesus reaffirms that what God has joined together, no one should separate.
- Ephesians 5:31-32: Marriage as a picture of Christ’s relationship with the church.
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians today, this verse serves as a reminder of the importance of marriage as a covenant designed by God. It challenges believers to approach marriage with seriousness and a commitment to God’s purposes for it. While divorce is sometimes unavoidable in a broken world, this teaching encourages reconciliation and faithfulness whenever possible. It also invites believers to seek God’s guidance and strength in building relationships that honor Him.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
God’s love is evident in His design for marriage as a relationship of mutual love, support, and faithfulness. By addressing divorce, God shows His concern for protecting individuals from harm and preserving the sanctity of relationships. His teaching reflects His desire for His people to experience the joy and stability that come from living according to His will.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Jesus exemplifies God’s faithfulness in His relationship with the church. Just as He remains committed to His people, He calls believers to model this faithfulness in their marriages. Through His life, death, and resurrection, Jesus provides forgiveness and restoration for those who have experienced brokenness in their relationships. His grace empowers believers to pursue reconciliation and to reflect His love in their lives.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- How does this verse challenge your understanding of marriage and divorce?
- What steps can you take to prioritize faithfulness and reconciliation in your relationships?
- How does Jesus’ example of love and commitment inspire you in your own relationships?
- In what ways can the church support and encourage couples to honor God’s design for marriage?
- How can you rely on God’s grace and guidance to navigate challenges in your relationships?
This verse calls believers to honor God’s design for marriage, reflecting His faithfulness and love. It challenges them to view relationships through the lens of God’s purposes and to trust in His power to heal and restore where brokenness exists.