Matthew 6:17- “But when you fast, put oil on your head and wash your face.”
An Extended Explanation of the Verse
In this verse, Jesus continues His teaching on fasting by emphasizing the attitude and appearance we should have while fasting. Instead of drawing attention to ourselves by looking disheveled or miserable, Jesus encourages His followers to maintain their normal appearance. “Put oil on your head and wash your face” was a way of saying, “Take care of yourself as usual.” The focus of fasting should be on God, not on making a show of one’s devotion to gain sympathy or admiration from others. By instructing His disciples to avoid outward displays of fasting, Jesus teaches that spiritual disciplines should be done with humility and sincerity.
Historical Context
In Jesus’ time, fasting was a common practice among devout Jews, often associated with repentance, mourning, or seeking God’s guidance. Some religious leaders, such as the Pharisees, would deliberately look disheveled during a fast to show their piety. This was a way of signaling their religious devotion to those around them. Jesus rejected this approach, calling His followers to fast in a way that was private and focused on their relationship with God. The instruction to “put oil on your head and wash your face” reflects the normal grooming practices of the time, which would prevent others from noticing that someone was fasting.
Theological Implications
This verse highlights the importance of sincerity and humility in our relationship with God. Fasting, like other spiritual disciplines, is meant to deepen our connection with Him, not to draw attention to ourselves. It also underscores that God sees the heart, not just outward actions. When we fast or engage in other acts of worship, our motivation should be to honor God rather than seeking approval or recognition from others.
Literary Analysis
Matthew 6:17 is part of Jesus’ broader teaching on spiritual practices in the Sermon on the Mount. It contrasts with the previous verse (Matthew 6:16), where Jesus criticizes the hypocrites for their outward displays of fasting. The specific instructions to “put oil on your head and wash your face” create a vivid image of normalcy and contrast with the exaggerated practices of the hypocrites. This verse reinforces the theme of authenticity and inward devotion that runs throughout Matthew 6.
Relevant Biblical Cross-References
- Isaiah 58:5-7: God criticizes fasting that is only outward and calls for genuine acts of justice and mercy.
- 1 Samuel 16:7: “The Lord does not look at the things people look at. People look at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart.”
- Matthew 23:25-28: Jesus condemns religious leaders for focusing on outward appearances while neglecting inward righteousness.
- James 4:10: “Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up.”
What This Verse Means for Today’s Christian
For Christians today, Matthew 6:17 is a reminder to keep our spiritual practices private and focused on God. Whether we’re fasting, praying, or serving, our goal should be to grow closer to God, not to impress others. This verse encourages us to approach fasting with humility and sincerity, maintaining a normal outward appearance while dedicating our hearts to God. It also challenges us to examine our motives in all areas of our faith, ensuring that our worship is authentic.
How This Verse Relates to a Loving God
God’s teaching on fasting reflects His desire for a genuine relationship with His people. He doesn’t require outward displays of devotion; instead, He values sincerity and a heart focused on Him. By encouraging private and humble fasting, God shows His love by protecting us from pride and the distraction of seeking human approval. His focus is always on what is best for our spiritual growth and relationship with Him.
How This Verse Connects to Jesus Christ
Jesus modeled the kind of fasting He teaches in this verse. In the wilderness, He fasted privately and focused solely on His relationship with the Father (Matthew 4:1-2). His life demonstrated humility and sincerity in all spiritual practices, showing that true devotion is directed toward God alone. Jesus also fulfilled the ultimate purpose of fasting—drawing near to God and depending completely on Him—through His obedience and sacrifice.
Questions for Reflection and Discussion
- How can you ensure that your fasting or other spiritual practices remain private and focused on God?
- Are there areas in your spiritual life where you are tempted to seek recognition or approval from others?
- How does Jesus’ teaching challenge you to examine your motives in worship and devotion?
- What steps can you take to make your spiritual disciplines more sincere and authentic?
- How does understanding God’s focus on the heart, rather than outward appearances, impact your relationship with Him?
Matthew 6:17 reminds us that spiritual practices like fasting should be done with humility, sincerity, and a focus on God. It calls us to prioritize our relationship with Him over seeking human approval, leading to a deeper and more authentic faith.