Overview

1 Chronicles 28 records a pivotal moment in King David’s reign, as he gathers the leaders of Israel to announce that his son Solomon is chosen by God to build the temple. David delivers a solemn charge to Solomon and the assembly, emphasizing the importance of obedience to God and faithfulness in completing the temple project. David also provides Solomon with detailed plans for the temple, affirming that these plans were given to him by the Spirit of God.

This chapter underscores David’s heart for God and his desire to see Israel remain faithful to the covenant. The passing of the torch to Solomon marks a significant transition in Israel’s history, from David’s military-focused reign to Solomon’s role as the builder of God’s house. Theologically, the chapter highlights God’s sovereignty in choosing Solomon, the importance of wholehearted devotion to God, and the centrality of the temple as a place of worship and God’s presence.

Historical and Literary Context

Historical Context

1 Chronicles 28 is set during the final years of King David’s reign, a time marked by preparations for the transition of power to Solomon. David had desired to build the temple himself but was instructed by God that this task would fall to his son (1 Chronicles 22:6–10). David’s address to the leaders and his commissioning of Solomon reflect his deep concern for Israel’s faithfulness to God and the proper worship of Him in the temple.

The temple itself was central to Israel’s identity as God’s covenant people. It represented God’s dwelling among His people and served as a visible reminder of His holiness, covenant promises, and the need for sacrificial atonement. The detailed plans for the temple emphasize its significance as more than a physical structure—it was a divinely ordained space for worship and communion with God.

Literary Context

This chapter is part of the Chronicler’s broader narrative, which focuses on David’s preparations for the temple and his instructions to Solomon. The Chronicler highlights David’s role as a spiritual leader, not just a king, portraying him as a man after God’s own heart who prioritized worship and obedience to God’s commands. The address to Solomon and the leaders serves as a theological and moral exhortation, calling for steadfast devotion to God.

The structure of the chapter is straightforward, beginning with David’s assembly of the leaders (vv. 1–2), his charge to Solomon (vv. 9–10), the presentation of the temple plans (vv. 11–19), and his encouragement to Solomon and the assembly to follow through with the work (vv. 20–21).

Key Themes and Doctrinal Points

1. God’s Sovereignty in Choosing Leaders

David emphasizes that Solomon was chosen by God to succeed him and build the temple (v. 6). This divine choice reflects God’s sovereign will and His active role in the leadership of His people. It reminds readers that God’s plans are not based on human merit but on His purposes and grace.

Theological Insight: God’s sovereignty in appointing leaders calls believers to trust His plans and purposes, even when they may not align with human expectations.

2. Wholehearted Devotion to God

David charges Solomon to serve God with a whole heart and a willing mind, emphasizing that God searches every heart and understands every desire and thought (v. 9). This call to wholehearted devotion reflects the foundational principle of the Shema (Deuteronomy 6:5), which calls for total love and commitment to God.

Theological Insight: Obedience to God is not merely external but begins in the heart. God desires genuine, willing devotion from His people.

3. The Temple as God’s Dwelling Place

The detailed plans for the temple underscore its significance as the place where God’s presence would dwell among His people (vv. 11–19). The temple was a physical manifestation of God’s covenant relationship with Israel and a central location for worship, teaching, and atonement.

Theological Insight: The temple foreshadows Christ, who is the ultimate fulfillment of God’s dwelling among His people (John 1:14). Jesus is both the true temple and the perfect high priest.

4. The Role of the Spirit in Guiding God’s Work

David acknowledges that the temple plans were given to him by the Spirit of God (v. 12). This highlights the role of the Holy Spirit in guiding God’s people in their worship and service.

Theological Insight: The Holy Spirit empowers and directs believers in fulfilling God’s purposes, just as He did in the Old Testament.

5. Courage and Obedience in God’s Work

David exhorts Solomon to be strong and courageous in undertaking the work of building the temple (v. 20). This echoes God’s command to Joshua (Joshua 1:6–9) and reflects the principle that God’s work often requires faith, perseverance, and reliance on His strength.

Theological Insight: Courage in God’s work is rooted in the assurance of His presence and promises. Believers are called to trust in Him and move forward in obedience, even in the face of challenges.

Verse-by-Verse Analysis

Verses 1–2: David Assembles the Leaders

Verse 1: “David summoned all the officials of Israel to assemble at Jerusalem: the officers over the tribes, the commanders of the divisions in the service of the king, the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds, and the officials in charge of all the property and livestock belonging to the king and his sons, together with the palace officials, the warriors, and all the brave fighting men.”

• Explanation: David gathers all the leaders of Israel, emphasizing the importance of the moment. This assembly reflects David’s role as a spiritual leader preparing the nation for a transition to Solomon’s reign and the construction of the temple.
• Cross-References: Joshua 24:1, where Joshua assembles the leaders of Israel for a covenant renewal. This gathering serves a similar purpose of calling God’s people to faithfulness.
• Doctrinal Insight: Leadership involves not only governance but also spiritual guidance. David’s actions demonstrate his understanding that the temple is central to Israel’s worship and identity.
• Application: Spiritual leadership requires prioritizing God’s work and involving others in its fulfillment. Whether leading a family, a church, or a team, ensure that God’s purposes are central to your leadership.

Verse 2: “King David rose to his feet and said: ‘Listen to me, my fellow Israelites, my people. I had it in my heart to build a house as a place of rest for the ark of the covenant of the Lord, for the footstool of our God, and I made plans to build it.’”

• Explanation: David expresses his deep desire to build the temple, calling it a “resting place” for the ark and a “footstool” for God. These terms emphasize the temple’s role as a physical symbol of God’s presence and reign among His people.
• Cross-References: Psalm 132:7–8 refers to the ark and God’s footstool, reinforcing the temple’s significance as a place of worship and covenantal relationship.
• Doctrinal Insight: Worship requires reverence for God’s presence and acknowledgment of His sovereignty. The temple was a sacred space where Israel could honor God’s holiness.
• Application: Honor God by setting aside time and space in your life for worship and communion with Him. Approach Him with reverence and gratitude for His presence.

Verses 6–7: God’s Choice of Solomon

Verse 6: “He said to me: ‘Solomon your son is the one who will build my house and my courts, for I have chosen him to be my son, and I will be his father.’”

• Explanation: God declares His choice of Solomon to build the temple and affirms a special father-son relationship with him. This divine choice highlights God’s sovereignty and His covenant faithfulness.
• Cross-References: 2 Samuel 7:12–14, where God promises David that his offspring will build the house for His name. This prophecy is fulfilled in Solomon and ultimately in Christ.
• Doctrinal Insight: God’s plans are rooted in His sovereignty and faithfulness. He chooses leaders and equips them for His purposes, often working through unlikely or imperfect people.
• Application: Trust in God’s sovereign choice and timing in your life. Submit to His plans, knowing that He equips those He calls to fulfill His purposes.

Verse 7: “I will establish his kingdom forever if he is unswerving in carrying out my commands and laws, as is being done at this time.”

• Explanation: God’s promise to establish Solomon’s kingdom is conditional on obedience. This highlights the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where blessings flow from faithfulness.
• Cross-References: Deuteronomy 28 outlines the blessings of obedience and the consequences of disobedience under the covenant.
• Doctrinal Insight: While God’s ultimate purposes will prevail, our experience of His blessings often depends on our obedience and faithfulness to His commands.
• Application: Seek to live in obedience to God, aligning your actions and decisions with His Word. Faithfulness in small things reflects a heart devoted to Him.

Verses 9–10: David’s Charge to Solomon

Verse 9: “And you, my son Solomon, acknowledge the God of your father, and serve him with wholehearted devotion and with a willing mind, for the Lord searches every heart and understands every desire and every thought. If you seek him, he will be found by you; but if you forsake him, he will reject you forever.”

• Explanation: David exhorts Solomon to know and serve God with a whole heart and willing mind, emphasizing God’s omniscience and the importance of seeking Him. This charge reflects the essence of covenant faithfulness.
• Cross-References: Jeremiah 29:13, where God promises to be found by those who seek Him with all their heart.
• Doctrinal Insight: God desires a relationship with His people that is marked by sincerity, devotion, and trust. Knowing God involves both intellectual acknowledgment and heartfelt commitment.
• Application: Commit to seeking God daily through prayer, Scripture, and worship. Serve Him with a heart that is fully devoted and aligned with His will.

Verse 10: “Consider now, for the Lord has chosen you to build a house as the sanctuary. Be strong and do the work.”

• Explanation: David reminds Solomon of God’s calling and urges him to take courage and fulfill his task. This call to action reflects the balance between divine sovereignty and human responsibility.
• Cross-References: Joshua 1:9, where God commands Joshua to be strong and courageous in leading Israel.
• Doctrinal Insight: God equips and strengthens those He calls, but they must step out in faith and obedience to accomplish His work.
• Application: Take courage in fulfilling the tasks God has given you, trusting in His strength and guidance to carry them through.

Verses 19–21: David’s Encouragement and Provision

Verse 19: “All this,” David said, “I have in writing as a result of the Lord’s hand on me, and he enabled me to understand all the details of the plan.”

• Explanation: David attributes the detailed temple plans to God’s guidance, affirming that the design is divinely inspired. This underscores the sacredness of the temple and its central role in Israel’s worship.
• Cross-References: Exodus 31:1–11, where God gives detailed instructions for the tabernacle, showing His involvement in the design of sacred spaces.
• Doctrinal Insight: God’s guidance extends to the details of His work, showing His care and precision in every aspect of His plans.
• Application: Seek God’s guidance in both large and small decisions, trusting that He cares about every detail of your life and work.

Verse 20: “David also said to Solomon his son, ‘Be strong and courageous, and do the work. Do not be afraid or discouraged, for the Lord God, my God, is with you.’”

• Explanation: David repeats his charge to Solomon, emphasizing God’s presence as the source of strength and courage. This encouragement echoes biblical themes of relying on God in the face of daunting tasks.
• Cross-References: Isaiah 41:10 assures believers of God’s presence and strength in difficult times.
• Doctrinal Insight: God’s presence empowers His people to face challenges with courage and faith.
• Application: Rely on God’s presence and promises as you face challenges. Let His strength replace your fear and discouragement.

Theological Implications and Connection to Jesus Christ

1 Chronicles 28 highlights God’s covenant faithfulness and points forward to Jesus Christ, who fulfills the ultimate purpose of the temple and the Davidic promises. David’s charge to Solomon to build the temple underscores the importance of God dwelling among His people—a theme that finds its ultimate fulfillment in Christ. In John 1:14, Jesus is described as the Word who became flesh and “made his dwelling among us.” The temple, as a physical structure for God’s presence, foreshadows Christ, who is both the true temple (John 2:19–21) and the High Priest who mediates between God and humanity.

Solomon’s divinely appointed task of constructing the temple reflects Jesus’ role as the cornerstone of God’s eternal kingdom (Ephesians 2:19–22). Just as Solomon was chosen to build the temple, Jesus was chosen to establish a kingdom that cannot be shaken (Hebrews 12:28). Where Solomon’s temple was temporary, Christ’s work provides eternal access to God through His atoning sacrifice.

David’s charge to Solomon to serve God with wholehearted devotion points to the perfect obedience of Christ, who fully submitted to the Father’s will (John 6:38). In Jesus, we see the ultimate fulfillment of what it means to seek God with a whole heart and serve Him with a willing mind. Through Christ’s perfect life, death, and resurrection, believers are empowered to approach God with the wholehearted devotion that David encouraged in Solomon.

Connection to the Father

This chapter reflects the Father’s sovereignty and faithfulness in guiding His people. God’s choice of Solomon to build the temple underscores His active role in fulfilling His promises. The Father’s covenant with David (2 Samuel 7:12–16) is reaffirmed here, showing His commitment to establishing a dynasty that ultimately leads to Christ.

The Father’s involvement in the temple plans, communicated to David through divine inspiration, reveals His care for the details of worship and His desire to dwell with His people. The temple represents the Father’s holy presence, reminding Israel of His character and the privilege of worshiping Him. The Father’s call to Solomon for wholehearted devotion reflects His desire for an intimate relationship with His people, where love and obedience flow from the heart.

Connection to the Holy Spirit

The Holy Spirit’s work is evident in the divine inspiration given to David for the temple’s design. In verse 12, David acknowledges that the Spirit enabled him to understand all the details of the plans. This reflects the Spirit’s role in equipping God’s people for His work and guiding them in worship and service.

The Spirit’s presence foreshadows the New Testament, where He empowers believers to become living temples of God (1 Corinthians 6:19). Just as the Spirit guided the construction of the physical temple, He now works within the hearts of believers, shaping them to reflect God’s holiness and enabling them to fulfill His purposes. The unity and diversity of roles in the temple’s construction also echo the Spirit’s distribution of gifts within the body of Christ (1 Corinthians 12:4–11), where every believer has a part to play in God’s kingdom work.

Connection to God’s Love

1 Chronicles 28 reveals God’s love through His provision of the temple as a place where His people could meet with Him, worship Him, and experience His presence. The temple’s centrality in Israel’s life reflects God’s desire to dwell among His people and be in relationship with them. This love is seen in His careful instructions for the temple’s construction, ensuring that it would be a holy and welcoming space for worship.

David’s charge to Solomon to serve God wholeheartedly reveals the relational aspect of God’s love. The Father seeks not only external obedience but a heart fully devoted to Him, reflecting the covenantal love that underpins His relationship with His people. This invitation to seek and serve God is an expression of His grace, reminding humanity of His readiness to be found by those who earnestly seek Him (Jeremiah 29:13).

Ultimately, God’s love is fully revealed in Jesus Christ, who fulfills the temple’s purpose and opens the way for all people to enter God’s presence. Through Christ, believers experience the fullness of God’s love and care, where redemption and restoration are offered to all who trust in Him. The temple points to this redemptive reality, reminding us that God’s love is not confined to a building but is made manifest in the person of Jesus and His ongoing work through the Spirit in the lives of His people.

Sermon Outline and Flow

Title: “Wholehearted Devotion: Building for God’s Glory”

Big Idea: God calls His people to serve Him with wholehearted devotion, trusting His sovereignty, stewarding His resources, and fulfilling His purposes with courage and faithfulness.

I. God’s Sovereignty in His Plans (vv. 1–7)

David reminds the leaders of Israel that God has sovereignly chosen Solomon to build the temple. This choice is not based on human merit but on God’s divine purposes and promises.

Transition: Just as God chose Solomon to fulfill this significant role, He has plans and purposes for each of us, rooted in His sovereignty and grace.

Illustration: Share a story of someone chosen for a surprising role or task, such as a young athlete unexpectedly selected to lead a team to victory. This illustrates how God often chooses individuals for His purposes, equipping them for the task.

Application: Trust in God’s sovereignty over your life. Whether your role seems significant or small, know that He has placed you where you are for His glory and your good.

II. Wholehearted Devotion to God (vv. 8–10)

David charges Solomon to serve God with a whole heart and a willing mind. He emphasizes that God searches every heart and understands every thought, calling for genuine, heartfelt obedience.

Transition: This call to wholehearted devotion is not limited to Solomon; it applies to every believer who seeks to honor God in their life and service.

Illustration: Use the analogy of a musician playing an instrument with passion versus one playing mechanically. The difference is not just in skill but in the heart behind the performance. Similarly, God desires our service to flow from love and devotion, not mere obligation.

Application: Evaluate your relationship with God. Are you serving Him with a whole heart and a willing mind, or are you going through the motions? Seek to deepen your devotion through prayer, Scripture, and intentional worship.

III. God’s Presence Empowers His People (vv. 19–21)

David encourages Solomon to be strong and courageous, reminding him that God’s presence will be with him as he undertakes the work of building the temple. This assurance is a source of strength and confidence.

Transition: The same God who promised His presence to Solomon promises to be with His people today, empowering them for His work.

Illustration: Share a modern example of someone facing a daunting task, such as a new teacher on their first day of school. The presence of a supportive mentor or colleague can make all the difference. God’s presence is even more powerful, providing strength and courage for any challenge.

Application: Rely on God’s presence in your life, especially in times of fear or uncertainty. Remember that His promises are unchanging, and He equips you for the work He calls you to do.

Conclusion and Call to Action

1 Chronicles 28 challenges us to trust in God’s sovereignty, serve Him with wholehearted devotion, and rely on His presence as we fulfill His purposes. Like Solomon, we are called to step out in faith, courageously undertaking the tasks God has given us, knowing that He is with us.

This week, consider the areas of your life where you can grow in trust, devotion, and reliance on God. Are there tasks or callings you’ve been hesitant to embrace? Take a step of faith, knowing that God’s presence and power will sustain you.

For those who have not yet placed their faith in Christ, this passage points to the ultimate temple-builder, Jesus, who opens the way for us to dwell in God’s presence forever. Trust Him today and begin a journey of wholehearted devotion to the God who loves you and has a purpose for your life.

Illustrations and Examples

1. God’s Sovereignty in Choosing Solomon: Share a story of an unlikely leader, such as a young entrepreneur who created a significant impact despite initial doubts. This parallels God’s sovereign choice of Solomon.
2. Wholehearted Devotion: Use the example of a chef preparing a meal with care and passion versus rushing through it without thought. The quality and impact of the work reflect the heart behind it.
3. Courage and God’s Presence: Relate a story of someone overcoming fear to accomplish a daunting goal, such as climbing a mountain with the encouragement of a trusted guide. God’s presence is like that guide, providing strength and direction.

Application for Today’s Christian

1. Trust in God’s Sovereignty: Reflect on the roles and responsibilities God has given you, whether in your family, work, or church. Trust that He has placed you there for a reason and seek His guidance in fulfilling your purpose.
2. Serve with Wholehearted Devotion: Examine your motivations for serving God. Commit to serving Him with sincerity and joy, letting your love for Him shape your actions and decisions.
3. Rely on God’s Presence: When facing challenges or fears, remind yourself of God’s promise to be with you. Pray for His strength and guidance, and take steps of faith knowing He empowers you for the task.
4. Embrace Your Calling: Like Solomon, you have been called to specific tasks in God’s kingdom. Whether your role is visible or behind the scenes, approach it with courage and a commitment to glorify God through your work.
5. Encourage Others in Their Walk: David encouraged Solomon to trust in God and fulfill his calling. Look for opportunities to encourage others in your church or community, reminding them of God’s presence and faithfulness.

Reflection Questions

1. David reminded the leaders of Israel and Solomon that God had sovereignly chosen Solomon to build the temple. How have you seen God’s sovereign hand at work in your life?
2. Are there areas where you struggle to trust God’s plans? How can you surrender those to Him in faith?
3. David charged Solomon to serve God with a whole heart and a willing mind. What does wholehearted devotion to God look like in your life?
4. Are there areas where your devotion has become half-hearted or routine? How can you renew your commitment to God?
5. David encouraged Solomon to be strong and courageous, reminding him of God’s presence. How do you rely on God’s presence when facing challenges or fears?
6. Are there specific situations where you need to trust more fully in God’s promises and power?