Overview

2 Kings 22 introduces us to King Josiah, one of Judah’s last kings and one of its most faithful. Josiah ascended to the throne as an eight-year-old and would later lead a significant spiritual revival in Judah. In this chapter, we learn of his early efforts to repair the temple, during which the Book of the Law is rediscovered. This discovery brings conviction and sparks repentance as Josiah realizes the extent of Judah’s disobedience to God. He seeks God’s guidance through the prophetess Huldah, who delivers a dual message: impending judgment for Judah’s idolatry but personal peace for Josiah because of his humility and repentance.

Theologically, this chapter highlights the transformative power of God’s Word, the importance of leadership in spiritual renewal, and God’s willingness to respond to humility and repentance. It underscores God’s justice in addressing sin while affirming His mercy to those who turn to Him.

Historical and Literary Context

Historical Context:

Josiah reigned over Judah from approximately 640–609 BC, during a turbulent period in the nation’s history. Assyria’s dominance was waning, Babylon was emerging as a major power, and Judah was mired in idolatry and moral decay, exacerbated by the sins of Josiah’s predecessors, Manasseh and Amon. Josiah’s reign stands out as a bright spot in this otherwise dark time, as he leads reforms that temporarily delay God’s judgment.

The rediscovery of the Book of the Law likely refers to a portion of the Pentateuch, possibly Deuteronomy, which had been neglected during the years of idolatry. Its reappearance and Josiah’s response emphasize the centrality of Scripture in guiding the covenant people of God.

Literary Insights:

2 Kings 22 is part of the Deuteronomistic History, which emphasizes the blessings of obedience and the curses of disobedience as laid out in Deuteronomy. The chapter’s narrative structure highlights the pivotal moment when God’s Word is rediscovered, demonstrating its power to convict, transform, and guide His people. Huldah’s prophecy bridges the themes of judgment and mercy, showing that while God’s justice demands accountability, His grace extends to those who humble themselves before Him.

Key Themes and Doctrinal Points

1. The Power of God’s Word to Transform Lives:
   • The rediscovery of the Book of the Law leads to conviction, repentance, and reform. This underscores the enduring power of Scripture to reveal truth, confront sin, and guide God’s people (2 Timothy 3:16-17).
   • Application: Believers are called to regularly engage with God’s Word, allowing it to shape their lives and draw them closer to Him.
2. God’s Holiness and Justice:
   • Huldah’s prophecy highlights God’s holy nature and His intolerance of sin. Judah’s persistent idolatry and rebellion necessitate judgment, reminding us that sin always has consequences (Romans 6:23).
   • Application: Christians should live with a healthy fear of the Lord, striving to walk in obedience and avoiding complacency about sin.
3. The Role of Humility and Repentance in Receiving God’s Mercy:
   • Josiah’s response to the reading of the Law is marked by humility, contrition, and a desire to seek God’s guidance. His actions demonstrate that God honors a repentant heart (Psalm 51:17).
   • Application: When confronted with sin, believers should respond with genuine repentance, trusting in God’s mercy and grace to restore them.
4. The Importance of Leadership in Spiritual Renewal:
   • Josiah’s reforms begin with his personal conviction and extend to the nation. His leadership reflects the impact a godly leader can have in bringing others back to God.
   • Application: Whether in the home, church, or community, Christians are called to lead by example, encouraging others toward faithfulness to God.
5. God’s Faithfulness to His Covenant:
   • The rediscovery of the Book of the Law is a reminder that God’s Word endures, even when neglected or forgotten. His covenant promises remain steadfast, offering hope even amid judgment.
   • Application: Believers can trust in God’s unchanging Word and His faithfulness to fulfill His promises.

Verse-by-Verse Analysis

Verses 1-2: Josiah’s Reign Begins

1 Josiah was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem thirty-one years. His mother’s name was Jedidah daughter of Adaiah; she was from Bozkath.
2 He did what was right in the eyes of the Lord and followed completely the ways of his father David, not turning aside to the right or to the left.

• Explanation:
  Josiah became king at the young age of eight after the assassination of his father, Amon. His reign is notable for its faithfulness to God, described here with high praise. Following “the ways of his father David” aligns Josiah with the ideal standard of kingship—faithfulness to God’s covenant.
• Doctrinal Insight:
  Josiah’s unwavering obedience emphasizes the importance of leading with integrity and faithfulness to God’s Word. His reign contrasts sharply with the idolatry and rebellion of his predecessors, demonstrating that one individual’s faithfulness can influence an entire nation.
• Cross-References:
• Deuteronomy 5:32-33: “Walk in obedience to all that the Lord your God has commanded you.”
• 1 Kings 3:14: God’s promise to bless kings who follow His ways.
• Application:
  Josiah’s example challenges Christians to walk faithfully in obedience to God, avoiding distractions and compromises that pull them away from His commands.

Verses 3-7: The Temple Repairs Begin

3 In the eighteenth year of his reign, King Josiah sent the secretary, Shaphan son of Azaliah, the son of Meshullam, to the temple of the Lord. He said:
4 “Go up to Hilkiah the high priest and have him get ready the money that has been brought into the temple of the Lord, which the doorkeepers have collected from the people.
5 Have them entrust it to the men appointed to supervise the work on the temple. And have these men pay the workers who repair the temple of the Lord—
6 the carpenters, the builders and the masons. Also have them purchase timber and dressed stone to repair the temple.
7 But they need not account for the money entrusted to them, because they are honest in their dealings.”

• Explanation:
  Josiah initiates a project to restore the temple, which had fallen into disrepair during the reigns of Manasseh and Amon. This act reflects his desire to honor God and reestablish proper worship in Judah. The workers’ integrity is highlighted, showing that Josiah entrusted this sacred task to faithful individuals.
• Doctrinal Insight:
  The temple’s condition symbolizes the spiritual state of the nation. By repairing the physical temple, Josiah signals a broader commitment to spiritual renewal. This points to the biblical principle of restoring proper worship as a key step in returning to God.
• Cross-References:
• 2 Chronicles 34:8-13: A parallel account detailing the temple repairs.
• Haggai 1:4-5: A later call to prioritize the rebuilding of God’s house.
• Application:
  Christians are called to examine the “temples” of their lives—whether their personal faith, their homes, or their churches—and take intentional steps to repair what has fallen into neglect.

Verses 8-10: The Discovery of the Book of the Law

8 Hilkiah the high priest said to Shaphan the secretary, “I have found the Book of the Law in the temple of the Lord.” He gave it to Shaphan, who read it.
9 Then Shaphan the secretary went to the king and reported to him: “Your officials have paid out the money that was in the temple of the Lord and have entrusted it to the workers and supervisors at the temple.”
10 Then Shaphan the secretary informed the king, “Hilkiah the priest has given me a book.” And Shaphan read from it in the presence of the king.

• Explanation:
  The rediscovery of the Book of the Law (likely a portion of Deuteronomy) reveals how far Judah had strayed from God’s commands. Shaphan reads it to Josiah, marking the beginning of a national spiritual awakening as the king realizes the severity of their disobedience.
• Doctrinal Insight:
  The power of God’s Word to convict and transform hearts is central to this passage. The neglect of Scripture leads to spiritual decay, but its rediscovery can spark renewal and repentance.
• Cross-References:
• Deuteronomy 31:24-26: The instruction to preserve the Law as a witness to Israel.
• Hebrews 4:12: “The Word of God is alive and active, sharper than any double-edged sword.”
• Application:
  Believers must prioritize reading and meditating on Scripture, recognizing its role in guiding their lives and renewing their faith.

Verses 11-13: Josiah’s Response

11 When the king heard the words of the Book of the Law, he tore his robes.
12 He gave these orders to Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam son of Shaphan, Akbor son of Micaiah, Shaphan the secretary, and Asaiah the king’s attendant:
13 “Go and inquire of the Lord for me and for the people and for all Judah about what is written in this book that has been found. Great is the Lord’s anger that burns against us because those who have gone before us have not obeyed the words of this book; they have not acted in accordance with all that is written there concerning us.”

• Explanation:
  Josiah’s tearing of his robes is a sign of deep grief and repentance as he recognizes Judah’s disobedience and the resulting judgment described in the Law. His immediate response is to seek God’s guidance, demonstrating humility and a desire for reconciliation with God.
• Doctrinal Insight:
  God honors a contrite heart (Psalm 51:17). Josiah’s response illustrates the importance of humility and repentance when confronted with sin.
• Cross-References:
• Joel 2:12-13: A call to return to God with all one’s heart.
• James 4:8-10: Humble yourselves before the Lord, and He will lift you up.
• Application:
  When convicted by God’s Word, believers should respond with repentance and a renewed commitment to obedience.

Verses 14-20: Huldah’s Prophecy

14 Hilkiah the priest, Ahikam, Akbor, Shaphan, and Asaiah went to speak to the prophet Huldah, who was the wife of Shallum son of Tikvah, the son of Harhas, keeper of the wardrobe. She lived in Jerusalem, in the New Quarter.
15 She said to them, “This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Tell the man who sent you to me,
16 ‘This is what the Lord says: I am going to bring disaster on this place and its people, according to everything written in the book the king of Judah has read.
17 Because they have forsaken me and burned incense to other gods and aroused my anger by all the idols their hands have made, my anger will burn against this place and will not be quenched.’
18 Tell the king of Judah, who sent you to inquire of the Lord, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says concerning the words you heard:
19 Because your heart was responsive and you humbled yourself before the Lord when you heard what I have spoken against this place and its people—that they would become a curse and be laid waste—and because you tore your robes and wept in my presence, I also have heard you, declares the Lord.
20 Therefore I will gather you to your ancestors, and you will be buried in peace. Your eyes will not see all the disaster I am going to bring on this place.’” So they took her answer back to the king.

• Explanation:
  Huldah delivers a dual prophecy: Judah will face judgment for its persistent rebellion, but Josiah will be spared from witnessing this disaster because of his humility and repentance.
• Doctrinal Insight:
  God’s justice demands accountability for sin, but His mercy extends to those who humble themselves before Him. This balance reflects His character as both holy and compassionate.
• Cross-References:
• 2 Chronicles 34:26-28: Parallel account emphasizing Josiah’s humility.
• Micah 6:8: God requires His people to act justly, love mercy, and walk humbly with Him.
• Application:
  Believers can trust God’s mercy when they approach Him with humility. Even when judgment is inevitable, God provides peace and assurance to those who seek Him.

Theological Implications and Connection to Jesus Christ

Christ as the Fulfillment of the Law and the Perfect King

The rediscovery of the Book of the Law during Josiah’s reign highlights the centrality of God’s Word in guiding His people. This points forward to Jesus Christ, who is the fulfillment of the Law (Matthew 5:17). Unlike Josiah, whose reforms could not permanently change the hearts of the people, Jesus brings ultimate transformation through His death and resurrection, writing God’s law on the hearts of believers through the New Covenant (Jeremiah 31:33).

• Christ’s Role in Redemption:
  Josiah’s efforts to lead Judah back to God reflect humanity’s need for a perfect King. Jesus is the greater Josiah—one who not only calls His people to repentance but also provides the means for it through His sacrifice. His atonement fulfills the demands of the Law and reconciles sinners to God (2 Corinthians 5:21).
• Christ as the Word Incarnate:
  The rediscovery of the Book of the Law reminds us that God’s Word is central to His relationship with His people. Jesus is the Word made flesh (John 1:14), embodying God’s truth and bringing it to life in His ministry. Through Christ, the transformative power of God’s Word is fully realized.

Christ and the Broader Redemptive Story

This chapter underscores the importance of repentance and humility in the face of sin. It points to the ultimate solution found in Jesus, who not only reveals the depth of our sin but also provides the grace necessary for redemption. Josiah’s temporary reforms foreshadow Christ’s eternal kingdom, where righteousness and justice reign forever (Isaiah 9:7).

Connection to the Father

The Father’s Holiness and Justice

• The Father’s holiness is emphasized in the prophecy of judgment delivered by Huldah. Judah’s persistent sin and idolatry provoke God’s righteous anger, demonstrating that He cannot overlook sin (Habakkuk 1:13). Yet, His justice is always coupled with mercy, as seen in His response to Josiah’s humility. This reflects the Father’s character, which balances holiness with a desire for repentance and restoration.
• God’s Sovereignty in Preserving His People:
  Despite Judah’s rebellion, God’s sovereignty ensures that His redemptive plan remains on track. The rediscovery of the Law and Josiah’s reforms are evidence of God’s faithfulness to His covenant promises, ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ.

The Father’s Desire for Relationship

• The rediscovery of the Law reminds us that God desires a covenant relationship with His people. The Father’s response to Josiah’s repentance shows His willingness to draw near to those who humble themselves before Him. This relational nature of God is foundational to the gospel message, as seen in His initiative to reconcile humanity to Himself through Christ.

Connection to the Holy Spirit

The Spirit’s Role in Conviction and Guidance

• The Holy Spirit is not explicitly mentioned in this chapter, but His work is evident in the conviction that Josiah experiences upon hearing the Book of the Law. The Spirit illuminates God’s Word, making its truths clear and piercing the heart of the hearer (John 16:8). This conviction leads to Josiah’s repentance and action, demonstrating the Spirit’s role in guiding believers back to God.
• The Spirit’s Role in Renewal:
  Josiah’s reforms point to the Spirit’s work in transforming the hearts of God’s people. While Josiah’s efforts were external, the Spirit works internally, writing God’s law on our hearts and enabling us to live in obedience (Ezekiel 36:26-27).

The Spirit as the Preserver of God’s Word

• The rediscovery of the Book of the Law highlights the Spirit’s role in preserving God’s Word throughout generations. Even in times of spiritual decline, the Spirit ensures that God’s truth remains available to His people, reminding us of its enduring power and relevance.

Connection to God’s Love

God’s Love in His Word

• The rediscovery of the Book of the Law reflects God’s love for His people. He does not leave them without guidance but provides His Word to reveal His will, confront sin, and lead them to repentance. This chapter reminds us that God’s Word is a gift of love, intended to draw us into deeper relationship with Him.

God’s Love in His Patience and Mercy

• Despite Judah’s persistent sin, God’s love is evident in His patience. He delays judgment, giving Josiah and the people an opportunity to repent. His promise to spare Josiah from witnessing the coming disaster shows His personal care for those who seek Him with humility (Psalm 103:13-14).
• God’s Mercy in Response to Repentance:
  Josiah’s humility and contrition move God to extend peace to him personally. This reflects the truth that God “opposes the proud but shows favor to the humble” (James 4:6). His love is magnified in His willingness to forgive and restore those who turn to Him.

God’s Love in the Bigger Picture of Redemption

• While this chapter focuses on immediate reforms and impending judgment, it points to the greater story of God’s love, ultimately revealed in Jesus Christ. The Law highlights humanity’s sin and need for a Savior, and God’s love is fully expressed in His provision of that Savior. Through Jesus, God reconciles the world to Himself, bringing restoration and peace (John 3:16).

Sermon Outline and Flow

Title: “Rediscovering God’s Word: Lessons from Josiah’s Revival”

Introduction

• Hook/Illustration:
  Share a story of someone who rediscovered a lost treasure or an old family heirloom, emphasizing the joy and transformation it brought. Transition to the rediscovery of the Book of the Law in Josiah’s reign, a moment that brought spiritual renewal to a nation.
• Big Idea:
  When God’s Word is rediscovered, it convicts, transforms, and renews both individuals and communities. Josiah’s story challenges us to prioritize Scripture, respond to conviction with repentance, and lead others toward God.
• Transition:
  Let’s explore three key lessons from Josiah’s rediscovery of the Book of the Law, focusing on the power of God’s Word, the importance of repentance, and the role of leadership in spiritual renewal.

Main Points

1. The Power of God’s Word to Transform Lives (2 Kings 22:8-10)

• Explanation:
  The rediscovery of the Book of the Law exposes how far Judah had strayed from God’s commands. Shaphan’s reading of the Law to Josiah highlights the Word’s ability to reveal truth and bring conviction.
• Application:
• Commit to reading and studying Scripture regularly, allowing it to shape your decisions and actions.
• Ask yourself: Are there areas in your life where you’ve drifted from God’s commands? Let His Word bring you back on track.
• Illustration:
  Use the analogy of a compass: Just as a compass helps a lost traveler find their way, God’s Word guides believers back to the right path. Share a personal story of how Scripture helped you make a difficult decision or brought clarity to a situation.
• Transition:
  As the Word brings transformation, it also convicts us of sin, calling for a response of humility and repentance.

2. The Importance of Repentance and Humility (2 Kings 22:11-13)

• Explanation:
  Josiah’s reaction to hearing the Law—tearing his robes—is a sign of genuine grief and repentance. His humility in seeking God’s guidance demonstrates a heart sensitive to God’s holiness.
• Application:
• Respond to conviction with humility and action. When God’s Word reveals sin, turn to Him in repentance and seek His forgiveness.
• Reflect on areas where pride or complacency might be hindering your spiritual growth.
• Illustration:
  Share a story of someone whose life dramatically changed after acknowledging their wrongs and seeking God’s forgiveness. For example, a person who turned away from destructive habits after encountering Scripture.
• Transition:
  Josiah’s personal repentance led to national reforms, highlighting the role of leadership in fostering spiritual renewal.

3. The Role of Leadership in Spiritual Renewal (2 Kings 22:3-7, 14-20)

• Explanation:
  Josiah’s commitment to repairing the temple and seeking God’s guidance reflects his dedication to leading Judah back to God. His example shows that leadership rooted in faithfulness to God can inspire others to return to Him.
• Application:
• Whether in your family, workplace, or church, lead by example. Show others the importance of prioritizing God’s Word and living a life of obedience.
• Pray for and support leaders who seek to honor God in their decisions.
• Illustration:
  Use the story of a Christian leader—pastor, teacher, or historical figure—whose faithfulness to God inspired others to live for Him. Highlight how their leadership brought about positive change.
• Transition:
  Josiah’s story challenges us to live with a sense of urgency, responding to God’s Word and inspiring others to do the same.

Conclusion: A Call to Action

• Recap of Main Points:
• God’s Word has the power to transform lives when it is rediscovered and prioritized.
• Conviction should lead to humility, repentance, and a renewed commitment to obedience.
• Faithful leadership plays a vital role in leading others toward spiritual renewal.
• Final Illustration:
  Share the story of a revival sparked by one person’s rediscovery of God’s Word, such as the story of Martin Luther and the Reformation. Highlight how one person’s faithfulness can impact generations.
• Call to Action:
• Rediscover God’s Word in your own life. Spend time daily in Scripture and allow it to transform your heart.
• Respond to God’s conviction with humility, turning away from sin and toward obedience.
• Use your influence to lead others toward faithfulness, whether in your family, workplace, or community.

Illustrations and Examples

1. Lost Treasure Rediscovered:
   Share a story of someone who found something of great value that was hidden for years, likening it to the rediscovery of the Book of the Law.
2. Leadership That Inspires Change:
   Highlight a modern leader or historical figure who led a community or nation back to God, such as Billy Graham’s evangelistic efforts or William Wilberforce’s fight against slavery grounded in his Christian faith.
3. Personal Transformation Through Scripture:
   Share testimonies of individuals who experienced life change after encountering God’s Word, such as someone overcoming addiction or finding purpose through reading the Bible.

Application for Today’s Christian

• Prioritize God’s Word in Daily Life:
• Commit to daily Scripture reading and study. Use devotional tools or Bible reading plans to deepen your understanding of God’s Word.
• Encourage your family to engage with Scripture together, fostering a shared commitment to God’s truth.
• Cultivate a Heart of Repentance:
• Regularly examine your life in light of Scripture, asking God to reveal areas of sin. Respond with humility and a desire to grow in holiness.
• Seek accountability within your church or small group to support your spiritual growth.
• Lead Others Toward Renewal:
• Use your influence to point others to God. Share how Scripture has impacted your life and encourage others to engage with it.
• Pray for godly leaders in your church, community, and nation, asking God to guide them in fostering spiritual renewal.
• Trust in God’s Power to Transform:
• Remember that no situation or person is beyond God’s ability to change. Pray for revival in your heart, your family, and your community, trusting that God’s Word will not return void (Isaiah 55:11).

Reflection Questions

1. Josiah’s spiritual awakening began with the rediscovery of the Book of the Law. How central is Scripture in your daily life?
2. Are there “lost” truths in God’s Word that you need to rediscover or prioritize? How can you commit to engaging with Scripture regularly?
3. When Josiah heard the words of the Law, he responded with humility and repentance. How do you typically respond when Scripture convicts you of sin?
4. What practical steps can you take to ensure that your response to conviction includes genuine repentance and a renewed commitment to God?
5. Josiah’s faithfulness as a leader inspired a nation. In what areas of your life—family, workplace, church—can you lead others toward spiritual renewal?
6. What qualities of Josiah’s leadership can you emulate to point others to God?