Stephen’s Defense Before the Sanhedrin (Acts 7:1-53)
Historical Overview
In response to the high priest’s inquiry if the charges against him are true, Stephen presents a comprehensive history of Israel, highlighting God’s continuous action in their history and their repeated rejection of His messengers. He begins with God’s call to Abraham, leading him out of Mesopotamia into Canaan, and recounts the stories of Isaac, Jacob, and the twelve patriarchs (Acts 7:1-8).
Joseph and Moses
Stephen then narrates the story of Joseph, who was sold into slavery but God turned his misfortune into the salvation of Israel during a famine. He transitions to Moses, describing his birth, education in Egypt, and his eventual flight to Midian after killing an Egyptian. Stephen emphasizes Moses’ role as a deliverer, lawgiver, and prophet, whom the Israelites rejected, saying, “Who made you ruler and judge?” (Acts 7:9-35).
The Tabernacle and the Temple
He discusses the construction of the Tabernacle in the wilderness as directed by God and its journey to the Promised Land, leading up to the building of the Temple by Solomon. Yet, Stephen quotes the prophet Isaiah to remind them that God does not dwell in houses made by human hands (Acts 7:44-50).
Accusation of Betrayal and Murder
Stephen concludes his defense by accusing the Sanhedrin and the Jewish people of betraying and murdering the Righteous One, Jesus Christ, just as their ancestors persecuted the prophets who foretold the coming of the Messiah. He criticizes their stubborn adherence to the Law and their resistance to the Holy Spirit (Acts 7:51-53).
Stephen’s Martyrdom (Acts 7:54-60)
Vision of Jesus
As Stephen finishes his speech, he, “full of the Holy Spirit, looks up to heaven and sees the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God.” He shares this vision with the council, which enrages them (Acts 7:54-56).
Stoning of Stephen
The members of the Sanhedrin rush at him, drag him out of the city, and begin to stone him. As he is dying, Stephen prays for his executioners, asking God not to hold this sin against them, and commits his spirit to Jesus, echoing the words of Christ on the cross (Acts 7:57-60).
Theological Significance
Connection to Jesus Christ
Acts 7 is pivotal for understanding the connection to Jesus Christ. Stephen’s speech links the history of Israel with the fulfillment found in Jesus, identifying Him as the promised Messiah whom their ancestors anticipated but also rejected. His vision of Jesus at God’s right hand reinforces the belief in Jesus’ divine authority and ongoing intercession for believers.
God’s Love for the World
This chapter demonstrates God’s love through His persistent engagement with humanity, despite their repeated failures. Stephen’s final act of forgiveness exemplifies Christ-like love, emphasizing forgiveness and redemption even in the face of brutal injustice.
Contemporary Relevance
Acts 7 remains relevant today as it challenges believers to be courageous in their witness for Christ, truthful in confronting unbelief, and steadfast in faith despite opposition. Stephen’s example inspires a commitment to scriptural integrity and a compassionate response to persecution, affirming the power of forgiveness and the hope of divine vindication.
Conclusion
Acts 7 not only recounts the first Christian martyrdom but also sets a profound example of faithfulness and forgiveness. It invites believers to consider their own faith in light of the history of God’s dealings with His people and to bear witness to the truth of Jesus Christ with boldness and compassion, grounded in the historical faith and prophetic fulfillment demonstrated through Scripture.