Introduction

Romans 4 uses the example of Abraham to illustrate the principle of justification by faith, rather than by works. Paul delves into the Old Testament to reinforce his arguments about faith and to demonstrate that this doctrine is consistent with Jewish scriptural traditions. This chapter is pivotal for understanding the continuity between the Old and New Testaments regarding the concept of faith.

Abraham’s Faith and Righteousness

Justification by Faith, Not Works

Paul begins by questioning what Abraham discovered about being made right with God (Romans 4:1). If Abraham was justified by works, he would have something to boast about—but not before God. Paul cites Genesis 15:6, noting that Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness (Romans 4:2-3). This foundational statement establishes that righteousness comes through faith and not from the law or human effort.

The Blessings of Faith

Extending the argument, Paul explains that the blessedness of having sins forgiven and righteousness imputed is not only for the circumcised but also for the uncircumcised (Romans 4:9-10). He uses David’s words from the Psalms to emphasize that this blessedness does not depend on the law (Romans 4:6-8).

Abraham, Father of All Who Believe

Paul states that Abraham is the father of all who believe without being circumcised, so that righteousness might be credited to them as well (Romans 4:11). He is also the father of the circumcised who not only are circumcised but also follow in the footsteps of the faith that Abraham had before he was circumcised (Romans 4:12). This dual role underscores the universal scope of God’s promise through faith.

The Nature of Faith

Promise Based on Faith

The promise to Abraham or to his descendants that he would be heir of the world was not through the law but through the righteousness of faith (Romans 4:13). Paul argues that if adherence to the law were the basis for inheritance, faith would be meaningless and the promise void (Romans 4:14).

Faith in God’s Promise

Abraham’s faith did not waver though, humanly speaking, there was no hope for him to become the father of many nations as promised (Romans 4:18). He did not weaken in faith when considering his own body and Sarah’s womb (Romans 4:19). Instead, Abraham grew strong in his faith and gave glory to God, fully persuaded that God had the power to do what He had promised (Romans 4:20-21).

Conclusion: Significance and Relevance

Connection to Jesus Christ

Romans 4 connects to Jesus Christ by highlighting that the promises received by faith in God, who raised Jesus from the dead, are guaranteed to all believers (Romans 4:24). Christ’s resurrection ensures the fulfillment of the promises, affirming that believers will be counted as righteous through their faith in Him.

God’s Love for the World

This chapter demonstrates God’s love by showing that He credits righteousness apart from works, based on faith. God’s plan includes all humanity, not limited by law, race, or ritual, reflecting His inclusive and unconditional grace.

Contemporary Relevance

Romans 4 remains relevant today as it underscores the importance of faith over works in the Christian life. It encourages believers to trust in God’s promises and His character, rather than their own ability to adhere to religious norms. For the modern church, this teaching helps to foster a community grounded in faith and grace, not legalism.

Through its exploration of Abraham’s faith as a model for believers, Romans 4 provides a profound understanding of biblical faith, encouraging a personal and communal trust in God’s promises and a deeper appreciation of the grace extended through Jesus Christ. This faith challenges believers to live confidently in the promise of God’s righteousness, irrespective of their personal circumstances or capabilities.