The Quran is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad over a period of approximately 23 years, beginning in 610 CE (610 years after Christ). Muslims believe that the Quran was revealed to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel and that it represents the final and most complete revelation from God, following previous scriptures like the Torah and the Bible. The Quran is written in Arabic and is considered by Muslims to be the literal and unaltered word of God.
From a biblical and Christian perspective, it is important to approach the question of who wrote the Quran with sensitivity, as it involves understanding the differences between Christian and Islamic beliefs about revelation and scripture.
Understanding Revelation in Islam and Christianity
In Islam, the Quran is seen as the ultimate and unaltered word of God, providing guidance for all aspects of life. Muslims believe that it was divinely revealed to Muhammad, who is considered the last and greatest of the prophets. This belief in the Quran as the final revelation is foundational to Islamic theology.
In contrast, Christianity holds that the Bible is the inspired word of God, composed of the Old Testament (shared with Judaism) and the New Testament, which focuses on the life, teachings, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Christians believe that Jesus is the ultimate and final revelation of God to humanity, as He is God incarnate.
Hebrews 1:1-2 (NIV):
“In the past God spoke to our ancestors through the prophets at many times and in various ways, but in these last days he has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed heir of all things, and through whom also he made the universe.”
This passage from Hebrews highlights the Christian belief that God’s ultimate revelation is found in Jesus Christ, rather than in any subsequent texts or prophets.
The Origins of the Quran from a Christian Perspective
From a Christian perspective, the Quran is viewed as a text that emerged within the historical and cultural context of 7th-century Arabia. Christians believe that the Bible contains the complete and final revelation of God’s will, with the New Testament affirming the fulfillment of God’s promises through Jesus Christ.
Because of this belief, Christians do not view the Quran as a continuation or completion of the biblical revelation. Instead, they see it as a separate religious text that reflects the teachings and beliefs of Muhammad and the early Muslim community.
Galatians 1:8 (NIV):
“But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a gospel other than the one we preached to you, let them be under God’s curse!”
Paul’s warning in Galatians underscores the Christian conviction that the Gospel message, centered on Jesus Christ, is unique and complete. Any subsequent revelations or teachings that contradict or add to this message are viewed with caution.
The Role of Jesus in Christianity and Islam
One of the key differences between Christianity and Islam is the role and identity of Jesus. In Islam, Jesus (known as Isa in Arabic) is considered a prophet and a messenger of God, but not divine. The Quran acknowledges Jesus as a significant figure but denies His crucifixion and resurrection, which are central to Christian faith.
In Christianity, Jesus is not only a prophet but the Son of God, the second person of the Trinity, who came to earth to save humanity through His death and resurrection. This difference in the understanding of Jesus’ identity and mission is a fundamental distinction between the two faiths.
John 14:6 (NIV):
“Jesus answered, ‘I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.'”
This statement by Jesus reflects the Christian belief in the uniqueness of Christ as the only way to God, a belief that is not shared by Islam.
Christian Response to the Quran
Christians are called to approach the Quran and its followers with respect and understanding, even while holding to their own beliefs about the finality of the biblical revelation. Dialogue between Christians and Muslims is important for mutual understanding and for witnessing to the love and truth of Christ in a way that is both faithful and respectful.
1 Peter 3:15 (NIV):
“But in your hearts revere Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect.”
This verse encourages Christians to engage with others, including those of different faiths, with a spirit of gentleness and respect, while being clear about their own faith in Christ.
Conclusion
The Quran is a foundational text for Muslims, believed to be the final and complete revelation from God to humanity. From a Christian perspective, however, the Bible is viewed as the complete and final revelation of God’s will, centered on the person of Jesus Christ. While Christians do not accept the Quran as divine revelation, they are called to engage with Muslims with respect, understanding, and a commitment to sharing the Gospel of Jesus Christ.